Chapter 7
The 8-digit binary value of the last octet of the IPv4 address 172.17.10.7 is
00000111 Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.1 7 = 4 + 2 + 1 = 00000111
Match each description with an appropriate IP address. (Not all options are used.) 1) a link-local address 2)a public address 3) an experimental address 4) a loopback address
1) 169.254.1.5 2) 198.133.219.2 3) 240.2.6.255 4) 127.0.0.1 Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.4 Link-Local addresses are assigned automatically by the OS and are located in the block 169.254.0.0/16. The private address ranges are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16. The addresses in the block 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254 are reserved as experimental addresses. Loopback addresses belong to the block 127.0.0.0/8.
What are the three characteristics of multicast transmission?
1) A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts. 2) The range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255 is reserved to reach multicast groups on a local network. 3) Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
What two things can be determined by using the ping command?
1) The destination device is reachable through the network 2) The average time it takes a packet to reach the destination and for the response to return to the source
What are three parts of an IPv6 global unicast address?
1) an interface ID that is used to identify the local host on the network 2) a subnet ID that is used to identify networks inside of the local enterprise site 3) a global routing prefix that is used to identify the network portion of the address that has been provided by an ISP
Match the IPv6 address with the IPv6 address type. 1) 2001:DB8::BAF:3F57:FE94 2) FF02::1 3) ::1 4) FF02::1:FFAE:F85F
1) global unicast 2) all node multicast 3) loopback 4) solicited node multicast Refer to curriculum topic: 7.2.5 FF02::1:FFAE:F85F is a solicited node multicast address. 2001:DB8::BAF:3F57:FE94 is a global unicast address. FF02::1 is the all node multicast address. Packets sent to this address will be received by all IPv6 hosts on the local link. ::1 is the IPv6 loopback address. There are no examples of link local or unique local addresses provided.
A private addresses
10.0.0.0 /8 or 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 /12 or 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 /16 or 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
The last host address on the 10.15.25.0/24 network is
10.15.25.254 or 254 or 10.15.25.254/24 Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.2 The host portion of the last host address will contain all 1 bits with a 0 bit for the lowest order or rightmost bit. This address is always one less than the broadcast address. The range of addresses for the network 10.15.25.0/24 is 10.15.25.0 (network address) through 10.15.25.255 (broadcast address). So the last host address for this network is 10.15.25.254.
The binary equivalent of the decimal number 232
1110 1000
A loopback address
127.0.0.1
The decimal equivalent of the binary number 10010101
149
Link-local addresses
169.254.0.0 /16 or 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254
The network portion of the address 172.16.30.5/16 is
172. 16 Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.2 A prefix of /16 means that 16 bits are used for the network part of the address. The network portion of the address is therefore 172.16.
TEST-NET addresses
192.0.2.0 /24 or 192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255 These addresses are set aside for teaching and learning purposes and can be used in documentation and network examples.
An experimental address
240.2.6.255
What subnet mask is represented by the slash notation /20?
255.255.240.0
What is the prefix length notation for the subnet mask 255.255.255.224?
27 Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.2 The binary format for 255.255.255.224 is 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000. The prefix length is the number of consecutive 1s in the subnet mask. Therefore, the prefix length is /27.
Which three IP addresses are private? 1) 192.167.10.10 2) 172.32.5.2 3) 172.16.4.4 4) 224.6.6.6 5) 10.1.1.1 6) 192.168.5.5
3) 172.16.4.4 5) 10.1.1.1 6) 192.168.5.5
How many bits are in an IPv4 address?
32 bits
What is the shortest abbreviation for the IP address: 3FFE: 1044:0000:0000:00AB:0000:0000:0057
3FFE:1044:0:0:AB::57
Which two parts are components of an IPv4 address? 1) physical portion 2) broadcast portion 3) logical portion 4) subnet portion 5) network portion 6) host portion
5) network portion and 6) host portion
a binary process used to determine the network address of a host address by using he host address subnet mask
ANDing
First hextet 2000 to 3FFF
Global unicast address (a routable address in a range of addresses that is currently being handed out by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [IANA]
What field content is used by ICMPv6 to determine that a packet has expired?
Hop limit field
Which protocol supports Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) for dynamic assignment of IPv6 addresses to a host?
ICMPv6
What is indicated by a successful ping to the ::1 IPv6 address?
IP is properly installed on the host
an IP address that is required for every IPv6-enabled network interface and that allows a device to communicate with other IPv6-enabled devices on the same link
IPv6 link-local address
First hextet FE80 to FEBF
Link-local (a unicast address which identifies the host computer on the local network)
First hextet 0000 to 00FF
Loopback address, any address, unspecified address, or IPv4 compatible
First hextet FF00 to FFFF
Multicast address
First hextet FC00 to FCFF
Unique-local (a unicast address which can be assigned to a host to identify it as being part of a specific subnet on the local network)
a numbering system consisting of the digits 0 and 1, used by computers to perform operations
binary
a single binary digit, represented by a 0 or 1
bit
a dotted-decimal number that represents all hosts in an IP network
broadcast address
specific ranges of IP addresses that make up classes of addresses in which the number of available network and host addresses are defined
classful addressing
IP addressing standards created in 1993 that allow address allocation based on prefix length rather than predefined class ranges
classless addressing
A message is sent to all hosts on a remote network. Which type of message is it?
directed broadcast
a base-sixteen numbering system that uses numerals 0 through 9 and letters A through F to represent binary number in more condensed form
hexadecimal
What does the IP address 172.17.4.250/24 represent?
host address
any IP address in an IP network that can be assigned to an interface
host address
What type of address is automatically assigned to an interface when IPv6 is enabled on that interface?
link-local
Which type of IPv6 address is not routable and used only for communication on a single subnet?
link-local address Refer to curriculum topic: 7.2.3 Link-local addresses have relevance only on the local link. Routers will not forward packets that include a link-local address as either the source or destination address.
What are two types of IPv6 unicast addresses?
link-local and loopback
an IP address representing a selected group of hosts
multicast address
a dotted-decimal number that represents a unique IP network
network address
one section of an IP address, consisting of a group of 8 bits
octet
a utility that sends a series of echo requests from one IP host to another IP host and that processes the echo reply messages to test connectivity between the devices
ping
determining a digit value based on the digit position, used in converting from one numbering system to another
positional notation
the number of bits set to 1 in a subnet mask
prefix length
Which two types of devices are typically assigned static IP addresses?
printers, web servers Refer to curriculum topic: 7.1.3 Servers and peripherals are often accessed by an IP address, so these devices need predictable IP addresses. End-user devices often have dynamic addresses that are assigned. Hubs do not require IPv4 addresses to operate as intermediary devices.
an IP address used internally and not routed on the Internet
private address
an IP address that can be routed on the Internet
public address
An administrator wants to configure hosts to automatically assign IPv6 addresses to themselves by the use of Router Advertisement messages, but also to obtain the DNS server address from a DHCPv6 server. Which address assignment method should be configured?
stateless DHCPv6
a continuous sequence of 1 bits followed by a continuous sequence of 0 bits, sued to determine the network portion of an IP address
subnet mask
What is the purpose of the subnet mask in conjunction with an IP address?
to determine the subnet to which the host belongs
What is the purpose of ICMP messages?
to provide feedback of IP packet transmissions
A user who is unable to connect to the file server contacts the help desk. The helpdesk technician asks the user to ping the IP address of the default gateway that is configured on the workstation. What is the purpose for this ping command?
to test that the host has the capability to reach hosts on other networks Refer to curriculum topic: 7.3.2 The ping command is used to test connectivity between hosts. The other options describe tasks not performed by ping. Pinging the default gateway will test whether the host has the capability to reach hosts on its own network and on other networks.
a utility that generates details about the route travelled by data sent between two devices
traceroute
which two IPv4 to IPv6 transition techniques manage the interconnection of IPv6 domains?
tunneling and duel stack
the IP address of a single host on a network
unicast address
A user is executing a tracert to a remote device. At what point would a router, which is in the path to the destination device, stop forwarding the packet?
when the value in the TTL field reaches zero