Chapter 7 Ionic Compounds

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anion

An atom that gains electrons and has a negatively charged ion

cation

An atoms that has lost electrons and has a positive charge

Atom vs Ion

Atom has neutral charge and ions have either a positive or negative charge

Which has highest Lattice energy? PF3 or SF2

Because P is 3- and S is 2-, PF3 will have more attraction and higher lattice energy.

formula of compound between calcium and fluorine

CaF2

-ate

Ending for polyatomic Ion

-Ite

Ending for polyatomic ion with one less O that -Ate

How many electrons does Oxygen gain or lose?

Gains 2e- for a O2- Ion

Iron Chloride

Invalid name because you do not know the roman numeral for Iron

FeSO4

Iron (II) Sulfate

How many electrons does Mg gain or lose?

Lose 2e- for a Mg2+ ion

properties of metals

Lustrous (shiny) Malleable Ductile High melting and boiling points. Good conductors of heat and electricity.

sea of electrons model

Metallic bonding model

Sodium Phosphate

Na3PO4

Which has highest lattice energy? NaCl or NaF

NaF, because F is smaller than Cl the F ions pack in tighter which causes more attraction.

nickel(II)sulfide

NiS

selenium calcide

Not valid because Selenium is non metal and forms anion which would be listed last and Calcium is a metal which forms cation and should be listed first.

Hypo-

One less oxygen

Ionic properties

Solid- Geometric/Crystalline structure High Melting & Boiling Point Conducts Electricity in aqueous solutions due to mobile ions

interstitial alloy

a mixture formed when small atoms fill holes in a metallic crystal

binary ionic compound

a two-element compound consisting of a cation and an anion

Ca2(PO4)3

calcium phosphate

CuCl2

copper (II) chloride

-ide

ending for anion

Bond Strength/Lattice Energy

energy required to break a bond Increases as ions get smaller and have greater charge

Non Metal Atoms

form negative ions

Metal Atoms

form positive ions

substitutional alloy

has atoms of the original metallic solid replaced by other metal atoms of similar size

electron sea model

metals consist of metallic cations surrounded by delocalized valence electrons.

stability

occurs when atoms lose/release energy

Per-

one extra oxygen

Chemical bond

the force that holds two atoms together

Formula unit

the lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound

How many total electrons will be exchange in the formula unit of Mg3P2

6 e- will be exchanged. 3 Mg2+ will lose 6 and 2 P3-2 will gain 6

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Alloy

A mixture of two or more metals

criss cross method

A strategy for writing formulas of ionic compounds in which the charge of one ion becomes the subscript of the other; the result is a ratio of ions that produces a zero net charge for the ionic compound as a whole


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