Chapter 7 Ionic Compounds
anion
An atom that gains electrons and has a negatively charged ion
cation
An atoms that has lost electrons and has a positive charge
Atom vs Ion
Atom has neutral charge and ions have either a positive or negative charge
Which has highest Lattice energy? PF3 or SF2
Because P is 3- and S is 2-, PF3 will have more attraction and higher lattice energy.
formula of compound between calcium and fluorine
CaF2
-ate
Ending for polyatomic Ion
-Ite
Ending for polyatomic ion with one less O that -Ate
How many electrons does Oxygen gain or lose?
Gains 2e- for a O2- Ion
Iron Chloride
Invalid name because you do not know the roman numeral for Iron
FeSO4
Iron (II) Sulfate
How many electrons does Mg gain or lose?
Lose 2e- for a Mg2+ ion
properties of metals
Lustrous (shiny) Malleable Ductile High melting and boiling points. Good conductors of heat and electricity.
sea of electrons model
Metallic bonding model
Sodium Phosphate
Na3PO4
Which has highest lattice energy? NaCl or NaF
NaF, because F is smaller than Cl the F ions pack in tighter which causes more attraction.
nickel(II)sulfide
NiS
selenium calcide
Not valid because Selenium is non metal and forms anion which would be listed last and Calcium is a metal which forms cation and should be listed first.
Hypo-
One less oxygen
Ionic properties
Solid- Geometric/Crystalline structure High Melting & Boiling Point Conducts Electricity in aqueous solutions due to mobile ions
interstitial alloy
a mixture formed when small atoms fill holes in a metallic crystal
binary ionic compound
a two-element compound consisting of a cation and an anion
Ca2(PO4)3
calcium phosphate
CuCl2
copper (II) chloride
-ide
ending for anion
Bond Strength/Lattice Energy
energy required to break a bond Increases as ions get smaller and have greater charge
Non Metal Atoms
form negative ions
Metal Atoms
form positive ions
substitutional alloy
has atoms of the original metallic solid replaced by other metal atoms of similar size
electron sea model
metals consist of metallic cations surrounded by delocalized valence electrons.
stability
occurs when atoms lose/release energy
Per-
one extra oxygen
Chemical bond
the force that holds two atoms together
Formula unit
the lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound
How many total electrons will be exchange in the formula unit of Mg3P2
6 e- will be exchanged. 3 Mg2+ will lose 6 and 2 P3-2 will gain 6
Ionic Bond
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Alloy
A mixture of two or more metals
criss cross method
A strategy for writing formulas of ionic compounds in which the charge of one ion becomes the subscript of the other; the result is a ratio of ions that produces a zero net charge for the ionic compound as a whole
