chapter 7: memory
Dr. Marsh has her General Psychology class go through an exercise in which they look at a group of objects and attempt to remember them. Then, she has the class look at another group of objects and create a story involving them. The class finds the second group easier to remember because of Multiple choice question. rehearsal. elaboration. serial position effect. working memory.
b
Neuroscientists studying memory have benefited greatly from the use of MRI scans. They are able to see brain activation while a person is remembering. This has led them to conclude that Multiple choice question. there is a memory center in the brain. there is not one memory center in the brain. memory research involving the brain is inconclusive.
b
Psychologists describe memory as Multiple choice question. the process of focusing on some stimuli while ignoring others. the retention of information or experience over time. the process by which information comes out of storage. the process by which information gets into storage.
b
Storage encompasses how information is Multiple choice question. registered and processed for memory. retained over time. recalled from memory.
b
The sights and sounds you experience as you walk through a field on a sunny day in spring are processed in ______ memory. Multiple choice question. short-term sensory echoic long-term
b
Which of the following is an example of chunking? Multiple choice question. Mark cannot remember the names of his next-door neighbor's children. Sam has to remember a series of 12 numbers. He decides to use the birth years of his three sisters (198819892001). Laura repeats the definitions of the terms she needs to know for an exam. Ann can't remember Dr. Arendel's name, so she associates the name with the kingdom in the movie Frozen.
b
Which of the following statements describes explicit memory? Multiple choice question. An encoding failure of specific memories The conscious recollection of specific facts about an event or situation The conscious recollection of how to do something The storage of all long-term memories
b
Which statement best describes the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon? Multiple choice question. Remembering information from the past Feeling confident about knowing something, yet not being able to get it out of memory Recalling information presented to you first or last from a group of numbers Remembering information from an emotionally charged event or situation
b
Your recollections of experiences with your childhood best friend uses ______ memory. Multiple choice question. flashbulb autobiographical sensory semantic
b
Autobiographical memory is called ______ memory. Multiple choice question. echoic explicit episodic semantic
c
Flashbulb memory is the memory of ______ events. Multiple choice question. relatively insignificant secondhand emotionally significant autobiographical
c
Memory retrieval takes place Multiple choice question. when a person concentrates on more than one activity at the same time. when information is placed into memory storage. when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage. when information is retained in memory over time.
c
Mimi is enthusiastic about baking and has used her grandmother's apple pie recipe for a number of years. Lately, she has been enrolled in pastry classes where she has learned to make 6 varieties of apple pie, so when she tries to make her grandmother's recipe, she becomes confused about ingredients. This is an example of Multiple choice question. prospective memory. retrograde amnesia. retroactive interference. tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. proactive interference.
c
Which of the following best illustrates encoding? Multiple choice question. Doug is washing dishes by hand while reviewing his class notes, which are sitting on the counter nearby. Hailey is able to remember her first grade teacher's name, even though she hasn't thought about that teacher in years. Ari is watching a movie for the first time and is taking in all of the new information. Darius cannot remember his new co-worker's first name.
c
At which of the following levels of processing are we most likely to recall information? Multiple choice question. Shallow level Intermediate level Deepest level
c Reason: Yes! Research has shown that memory improves when associations and meanings are attached to the items to be remembered.
Encoding failure occurs when the information Multiple choice question. was not properly rehearsed. was never entered into register. was context-dependent. was never entered into long-term memory.
d
Gladys has a lot on her mind. Right now, she needs to remember the name of the garage where she gets her car's oil changed, which is an example of ______ memory. Multiple choice question. respective introspective prospective retrospective
d
Hazel vividly remembers her first week in college. This is an example of ______ memory. Multiple choice question. procedural semantic sensory episodic
d
Permastore memory stays with someone roughly Multiple choice question. one day. one second. a decade. forever.
d
Sensory memory is the ______ and shortest stage of the three stages of memory. Multiple choice question. second fourth third first
d
Using a memory ______ helps us fill in gaps between our fragmented memories by organizing and interpreting information. Multiple choice question. network node neuron schema
d
Which of the following describes the process that occurs when a person forgets something because it is painful or anxiety-laden? Multiple choice question. Memory denial Emotional forgetting Subconscious determination Motivated forgetting
d
According to _________ theory, when we learn something new, a neurochemical memory trace forms, but over time this trace disintegrates.
decay
Another word for explicit memory is _____ memory
declarative
When ________ , Correct Unavailable is extensive, the person has attempted to make the to-be-remembered information meaningful and has engaged in detailed processing.
elaboration
Which is not an important process in memory?
experience
Memories of how to ride a bike would be stored in _____ memory a division of long-term memory.
implicit
Connectionism or _________ distributed processing is the theory that memory is stored throughout the brain in connections among neurons, several of which may work together to process a single memory.
parallel
Connectionism or ____________ distributed processing is the theory that memory is stored throughout the brain in connections among neurons, several of which may work together to process a single memory.
parallel
In which theory are memories neither abstract concepts nor large knowledge structures, but are more like electrical impulses? Multiple choice question. Semantic network theory Serial position curve theory Schema and script theory Parallel distributed processing
parallel distributed processing
In comparison to recognition tasks, _______ tasks do not provide as many retrieval cues as to the correct answer.
recall
The term used for remembering the past is _______ memory.
retrospective
Sandy has a lot of general knowledge, not tied to a particular time or place, about international affairs. This is an example of ________ memory
semantic
_____________ memory is a type of explicit memory that includes your areas of expertise, general academic knowledge, and everyday knowledge about the meanings of words and common things.
semantic
Ellen tried to remember her grocery list, but she was only able to remember eggs and butter (which were listed at the top) and juice and cereal (which were listed at the bottom). This illustrates
serial position effect
_________ is how information is retained over time and how it is represented in memory.
storage
True or false: Proactive interference occurs when material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later.
t
True or false: Karl Lashley's work indicated that memories in the brain are stored in a specific location.
F
True or false: Groups of neurons create circuits of neural networks, composing a memory.
T
True or false: Schemas help you organize information and incorporate new information into existing experiences.
T
Allison lived in a foreign country for a year and she didn't drive during that time. When she came back to the States, she found it effortless to drive her car. This is an example of ______ memory. Multiple choice question. procedural sensory semantic episodic
a
People sometimes forget something because other information gets in the way. This is explained by _____ theory. Multiple choice question. interference forgetting encoding decay
a
Recalling specific information about events such as the September 11th attacks on the United States is an example of Multiple choice question. flashbulb memories. retrieval cues. recency effects. primacy effects.
a
Short-term memory is usually only retained for as long as ______ seconds. Multiple choice question. 30 15 45 60
a
Traumatic events are often _____ accurate than for ordinary events. Multiple choice question. more always more less far less
a
When information never enters into long-term memory it is called Multiple choice question. encoding failure. amnesia. tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. decay.
a
When you remember the name of your first-grade teacher, this is an example of Multiple choice question. retrieval. storage. encoding. chunking.
a
Which of the following statements describes implicit memory? Multiple choice question. The unconscious recollection of how to do something The conscious recollection of specific facts about an event or situation An encoding failure of specific memories The storage of all memories
a
Which of the following are levels of autobiographical memory? Multiple select question. Event-specific knowledge Prospective memory General events Life time periods
a, c, d
An implicit memory for skills is known as _____ memory. Multiple choice question. semantic procedural episodic implicit
b
