Chapter 7 Nutrition

A team of food scientists wants to develop a formula diet for newborns that is a nutritionally complete food that replaces human milk. To support normal infant development, the formula must have all of the following ingredients, except ________.

homocysteine

A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________.

measles

Which of the following substances is usually one of the limiting amino acid in foods, particularly those of plant origin?

Methionine

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?

Methionine Trypsin

A scientist isolates a water-soluble compound from spider venom. The substance has nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in its chemical structure. Based on this information, the compound is probably a ________.

protein

Peaches and apricots are classified as legumes.

false

Which of the following foods are legumes? A. Peanuts B. Potatoes C. Onions D. Mushrooms

A. Peanuts

A person with pneumonia can experience protein undernutrition.

True

A ________ remains when the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid is removed.

carbon skeleton

Which of the following diets does not provide enough high-quality proteins to support a child's growth?

Fruitarian

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins?

Peanut butter on crackers

When combined, which of the following groups of foods forms a complementary protein dish?

Peanuts, rice, and cashews

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?

Pepsin

Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids?

Red cabbage apple

The deamination process forms ________.

ammonia

The body uses proteins to make ________.

certain hormones

Diets that contain high amounts of red or processed meats are associated with an increased risk of developing ________.

colorectal cancer

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ________.

consuming foods that contain gluten

Bernard has been suffering from a viral infection for over a week. As a result of the illness, he has a fever and has lost his appetite. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

negative

Rosa is a teenager who has an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation. Based on this information, her body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

negative

Victoria is 92 years of age. Recently, she experienced a viral infection that has made her weak and lose interest in eating. Based on this information, Victoria is in ________.

negative nitrogen balance

To tenderize a thin piece of raw meat before cooking it, place the meat in a marinade that contains ________.

red wine

Which of the following substances is usually the limiting amino acid in foods, particularly those of plant origin?

Lysine

________ is an essential amino acid.

Lysine

Buddy is a vegan. Which of the following foods does he eat to supply his diet with protein?

Quinoa

Which of the following statements is true? A. Transamination isthe process of removing the nitrogen group from an amino acid and transferringit to another substance. B. A protein moleculeloses its natural folded and coiled shape as well as its usual functions whenit undergoes hydrogenation. C. Application ofheat, alcohol, or acid can kill proteins. D. The human digestive tract cannot digest the peptide bonds that hold amino acids together.

* not c.

May is 89 years of age. Her heart is weak, so she spends most of her time lying in bed or sitting in a chair. Although she takes medication for hypertension, she has been unable to keep her blood pressure in the normal range. Her diet consists mainly of apples, leafy vegetables, gelatin, toast, butter, tea, and chocolate candy. May's lower legs and feet and swollen. Based on this information, the swelling is probably the result of a(an) ________.

*not PKU

Tessa, a healthy, active teenager, was diagnosed with PKU when she was an infant. In addition to foods that are manufactured to be low in phenylalanine, which of the following foods can she eat to meet her protein needs safely?

*not chicken or eggs

Which of the following statements is true? A. Diabetes is a major sign of protein undernutrition. B. People with chronic inflammation often have higher protein needs. C. A person with an increased appetite has a higher risk of protein undernutrition. D. Teenagers often do not consume enough protein to meet their needs.

*not d

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed ________ as a result.

anaphylactic shock

Joaquin would like to purchase a salad at the grocery store that contains high-quality protein. According to the following salad product label ingredient lists, which product should he choose?

* not Cucumbers, strawberries, grapes, red bell peppers, chopped basil, pumpkin seeds, olive oil, lime juice, and salt

Which of the following statements is true? A. Most food labels include information about the bioavailability of protein in the product. B. The Nutrition Facts panel provides information about a product's essential amino acid content. C. You can judge a packaged food's protein quality by reviewing the ingredients' list. D. Nutrient labels are not required to include information about the grams of protein in a serving of the food.

C. You can judge a packaged food's protein quality by reviewing the ingredients' list.

Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?

Cheese

When combined, which of the following groups of foods forms a complementary protein dish?

Kidney beans, rice, and sesame seeds

Which of the following bags of frozen peaches is the most expensive per ounce? A. Frozen sliced peaches at $2.59 per 10-ounce bag B. Frozen sliced peaches at $4.49 per 2-pound bag C. Frozen sliced peaches at $2.56 per 12-ounce bag D. Frozen sliced peaches at $2.50 per 1-pound bag

A. Frozen sliced peaches at $2.59 per 10-ounce bag

Which of the following statements is true? A. Compared to children in other parts of the world, impoverished children in the United States have the highest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. B. Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding. C. Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition. D. In the United States, teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition.

B. Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding.

Dallas, a healthy, active teenager, was diagnosed with PKU when he was only a few days old. In addition to foods that are manufactured to be low in phenylalanine, which of the following foods can he eat to meet his protein needs safely?

Baked potatoes

Leona is making lemon pudding from "scratch." Her ingredients include fat-free milk, corn starch, lemon juice, egg yolks, salt, sugar, and butter. When she added some of the ingredients together, little clumps formed in the mixture before she could heat it. What happened to those ingredients?

The acid in thelemon juice denatured the milk proteins.

Aspartic acid is not an essential amino acid.

True

DNA contains coded information for making proteins.

True

To estimate a healthy college student's RDA for protein, multiply his or her weight in kg by 0.8 grams.

True

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?

Tuna fish

Which of the following menu items contains complementary protein? A. Whole-wheat crackers spread with soy nut butter B. Banana, apple,and grapefruit slices in a mixed fruit salad C. Kidney and green beans in vinegar and oil D. Whole-wheat bread with strawberry jam

Whole-wheat crackers spread with soy nut butter

You would like to bake a special birthday cake for a friend who has celiac disease. The original cake recipe is made with eggs, flour, milk, sugar, vanilla, and butter. To make a cake that is safe for your friend to consume, you plan to substitute ________ for the ________ in the recipe.

cornmeal;flour

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?

peanuts

Every amino acid has ________ in its chemical structure.

nitrogen

Aniah and Tiffany are the same age, weight, and height. However, Tiffany's heart rate increases and she feels anxious after drinking 1 cup of caffeinated coffee. Aniah drinks 3 cups of caffeinated coffee a day and does not experience any side effects from the caffeine. This is an example of ________.

nutrigenetics

High intakes of vitamin A during pregnancy can cause birth defects. This is an example of ________.

nutrigenomics

Diets that contain high amounts of red or processed meats are associated with an increased risk of developing __________.

pancreatic cancer

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a ________.

peptide bond

A gene is a _________.

piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

positive

Roberta is 25 years of age, healthy, and pregnant. Based on this information, her body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

positive

Three-year-old Jamie is a healthy, active child. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

positive

Which of the following label resources can you use to determine whether a canned food has high-quality protein?

*not nutrition facts panel

Keegan is 24 years of age and weighs 178 pounds. Based on his body weight, his RDA for protein is about ________ grams.

65

Which of the following foods is the least expensive per ounce? A. Sliced peaches at $1.49 per 16-ounce can B. Sliced peaches at $1.29 per 12-ounce can C. Frozen sliced peaches at $2.59 per 10-ounce bag D. Frozen sliced peaches at $2.99 per 16-ounce bag

A. Sliced peaches at $1.49 per 16-ounce can

Which of the following statements is true? A. All hormones areproteins. B. Protein is theprimary energy source for the human body. C. Certain proteinstransport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream. D. Proteins are a major component of starch molecules.

C. Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream.

Which of the following foods is not usually responsible for causing allergic responses?

Carrots and celery

Joaquin would like to purchase a salad at the grocery store that contains high-quality protein. According to the following salad product label ingredient lists, which product should he choose?

Cooked chicken breast, mayonnaise, hard-boiled eggs, celery, sugar, sea salt, lemon juice, and pepper

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's ________.

DNA

Diets that contain high amounts of ham, sausage,and bacon are not associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

False

Gluten sensitivity is the medical name for celiac disease.

False

In 2015-2016, American's typical consumption of fish and shellfish increased compared to 1999.

False

Lysine is not an essential amino acid.

False

Peaches and apricots are classified as legumes.

False

The Nutrition Facts panel provides information concerning amounts of seven essential amino acids in a serving of food.

False

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?

Fat- free milk

Which of the following foods is the least expensive per ounce? A. Sliced peaches at $2.59 per 16-ounce can B. Sliced peaches at $2.19 per 10-ounce can C. Frozen sliced peaches at $2.56 per 12-ounce bag D. Frozen sliced peaches at $2.69 per 18-ounce bag

Frozen sliced peaches at $2.69 per 18-ounce bag

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has ________.

PKU

Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein?

Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes

Taryn is a pescatarian. Which of the following foods does she eat?

Salmon

During digestion, which of the following substances denatures the proteins in food?

Stomach acid

Of the following foods, which is the best source of essential amino acids?

Sunflower seeds

Which of the following statements is true? A. The human bodynormally uses very little protein for energy. B. Proteins arecomprised of smaller chemical units called nucleic acids. C. Proteins are comprised of phosphorus, oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. D. The body needs protein to make sodium, calcium, and other mineral elements.

The human bodynormally uses very little protein for energy.

________ is an essential amino acid.

Threonine

"Eczema" is a common sign of a food allergy.

True

Alanine is not an essential amino acid.

True

Methionine is an essential amino acid.

True

Threonine is an essential amino acid.

True

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid.

True

Proteins ________.

are comprised of amino acids

Bryce is an ovovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?

egg salad

Which of the following forms of produce is the most expensive per pound? A. Sliced, yellow, delicious apples at $1.00 per 1-ounce bag B. Fresh, yellow, delicious apples at $5.49 per 2-pound bag C. Sliced, yellow, delicious apples at $2.25 per pound bag D. Fresh, yellow, delicious apples at $3.50 per 2-pound bag

* not B or C

Marta is 22 years of age and weighs 132 pounds. Based on her body weight, her RDA for protein is ________ grams.

48

In 2015-2016, Americans typically ate more protein from ________ than they consumed in 1999.

*not processed meat

Jerome and Joseph are the same age, weight and height. However, Jerome requires more vitamin C than Joseph. This is an example of ________.

nutrigenetics

Marla is a healthy 30-year-old woman. She doesn't work out, but she consumes protein supplements because she thinks they will increase her muscle mass without the need to exercise. Based on this information, the excess amino acids in her diet will ________.

undergo deamination in her liver

Lily is 22 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise ________% of her total energy intake.

10 to 35

Evan is 28 years of age and weighs 130 kg. His RDA for protein is ________ grams.

104

In 2017-2018, protein comprised ________% of an adult American's average daily energy intake.

16

Katrina is 20 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, what is her range of protein intake?

180 to 630kcal/day

According to the Nutrition Facts panel on a can of tuna, one serving of the fish supplies 16 g of protein. The DV for protein is 50 g. Estimate the %DV for protein in a serving of the tuna.

32%

Bethaney is 20 years of age and weighs 50 kg. Based on her body weight, her RDA for protein is ________ grams.

40

Phenylalanine is not an essential amino acid.

False

You are planning a party for a group of friends. Which of the following foods can you serve to everyone at the party, without having to worry about your friend who has celiac disease?

Pieces of melon and berries

Two-month-old Deanna is not growing normally. After Deanna underwent numerous tests, her physicians determined that she was born with a condition in which fat deposits form in cells that are not designed to store fat. The fat deposits eventually kill the cells. Her older brother died as a result of the same disorder when he was 8 months of age. Based on this information, Deanna has ________.

defective DNA

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________.

dehydration

________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual functions.

denatureation

The Nutrition Facts panel on a food label ________.

does not include information about the product's protein quality

Plant-based diets may not supply enough ________ to meet a child's needs.

energy

An amino acid does not contain a(an) ________.

fatty acid

In the stomach, ________ participate in the chemical digestion of protein.

hydrochloric acidand pepsin

Plant-based diets may not supply enough ________ to meet a child's needs.

protein

Which of the following foods is a good source of high-quality protein?

soy milk

You would like to bake a special pudding for a friend who has celiac disease. The original pudding recipe is made with eggs, flour, milk, sugar, vanilla, and butter. To make pudding that is safe for your friend to consume, you plan to substitute ________ for the ________ in the recipe.

tapioca;flour

Lucy has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas. Based on this information, she may have difficulty digesting proteins because of a lack of ________.

trypsin

A team of food scientists wants to develop a formula diet for newborns that is a nutritionally complete food that replaces human milk. To support normal infant development, the formula must have ________ as an ingredient.

tryptophan lysine

In 2015-2016, American's typical consumption of ________ decreased compared to 1999.

unprocessed red meat

Ruben has a family history of type 2 diabetes. To reduce his risk of this disease, he should consider following a ________ diet.

vegan

Erika is a vegan. To avoid developing a serious nutritional deficiency, she needs to include a source of ________ in her diet.

vitamin B-12