Chapter 7

When you inoculate a fresh tube of broth medium, it doesn't instantly turn cloudy. Why is this?

(There is a lag phase before growth occurs at a level that is visible in the broth)

Label the image to test your understanding of photosynthetic reactions.

- Autotrophs convert the energy in sunlight to generate chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. - There are two phases, the light-dependent and light-independent reactions. - Overall, the process converts carbon dioxide and water to glucose and oxygen.

Select each of the statements that describe the Krebs cycle.

-Pyruvic acid must be converted to acetyl CoA prior to entering the cycle .-There are four steps involving redox reaction-Electrons removed during oxidation steps are picked up by NAD or FAD -CO2 is released at two steps -The "starting material" oxaloacetic acid, is regenerated at the "end" of the cycle

Place the steps of binary fission in the correct order to test your understanding of bacterial cell division.

1. Cell enlarges and the chromosome is replicated. 2. A transverse septum grows inward as the two chromosomes are pulled towards opposite ends of the elongating cell. 3. Septum is completed. 4. Daughter cells are separated or may remain attached.

Select all of the statements that are true of fermentation.

1. It does not require O2. 2. Two ATP are produced (per molecule of glucose). 3. The final electron acceptor is an organic molecule, usually pyruvic acid or a derivative. 4. Different fermentation pathways can produce ethanol, CO2, lactic acid, or other organic acids.

Place the steps in the correct order to review the process of biofilm formation.

1. Pioneer bacteria attach to a surface 2. Bacteria secrete sugars and proteins for attachment. Quorum sensing begins. 3. Additional species join the biofilm secreting their own chemicals. 4. Quorum sensing is at a minimum in the mature biofilm. Some cells may revert to being planktonic

Please select those nutrients that are essential for growth, reproduction, and maintenance of a bacterial cell.

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, Phosphorus, sulfur

From the list below, select all of the active transport mechanisms used by cells.

Carrier mediated active transport, Group translocation, Endocytosis

Match the metabolic pattern with the appropriate description.

Convergent pattern- Two of more pathways that merge into one Divergent pattern- A pathway in which there is a branch point from which tv separate series of reactions are initiated. Cyclic pattern- A stepwise series of reactions in which the starting molecule is actually regenerated and able to initiate another turn of the cycle. A diagram of the reaction would show a circle.Example- Kreb's cycle Linear pattern -A stepwise series of reactions in which the product of each becomes the substrate for the following step; the reactions be diagrammed in a straight line

Drag the images and/or descriptions to their corresponding class to test your understanding of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic conditions.

In hypertonic conditions, there are more solutes outside of the cell. Water will move out of the cell, and it will shrink. In hypotonic solutions, the solute concentration inside of the cell is greater and so water will move into the cell. It will swell, and those cells without a cell wall will burst. Isotonic solutions have the same solute concentration as the cell and so water will move in both directions at equal rates (no net gain or loss).

Select the cell counting methods that enable only living cells to be counted. Check all that apply.

Viable plate count, Flow cytometry

Anabolic reactions produce ATP to create new molecules.

false

During the stationary phase, binary fission stops.

false

If you measure turbidity using a spectrophotometer during the death phase, the turbidity will be much lower than it was during the exponential phase.

false

Label the figure to review the various patterns of metabolism exhibited by biological cells.

linear: pinkcyclic: light greenbranched: orange-divergent: light orange-convergent: dark yellow

if the doubling time of a bacterium is short, the x-axis of a population growth curve will have smaller numbers.

true