Chapter 7- test 2

The skull contains ________ bones. A) 32 B) 22 C) 42 D) 12 E) none of the above

22

Ossification of the sternum is not complete until at least age A) 50. B) 25. C) 16. D) 10. E) 6.

25

Most mammals, including humans and giraffes, have ________ cervical vertebrae. A) 11 B) 6 C) 7 D) 19 E) 10

7

Provide a definition for craniostenosis.

Craniostenosis is premature ossification of the fontanels occurring in infancy or early childhood.

While playing softball, Gina is struck in the frontal squama by a wild pitch. Which of the following complaints would you expect her to have? A) a broken jaw B) a black eye C) a headache D) a sore chest E) a sore back

a headache

Premature closure of the sagittal suture would result in A) a long and narrow head. B) a very broad head. C) an unusually small head. D) a distorted head with one side being longer than the other. E) death.

a long and narrow head.

The primary spinal curves A) are also called compensation curves. B) accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera. C) develop several months after birth. D) all of the above E) B and C only

accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera.

The ligamentum nuchae A) attaches the ribs to the thoracic vertebrae. B) helps to hold the head in an upright position. C) attaches the atlas to the occipital bone of the skull. D) attaches the sternum to the ribs. E) stabilizes the lumbar vertebrae.

helps to hold the head in an upright position.

A point of attachment for muscles that rotate or extend the head is the A) styloid process. B) mastoid process. C) articular tubercle. D) posterior clinoid process. E) medial concha.

mastoid process

The term ________ is used to describe an injury caused by displacement of the cervical vertebrae during a sudden change in body position.

whiplash

The nasal complex consists of all of the following bones, except the A) zygomatic. B) ethmoid. C) sphenoid. D) frontal. E) maxillary.

zygomatic

The paranasal sinuses are located in all of the following bones, except the A) frontal. B) ethmoid. C) sphenoid. D) maxillae. E) zygomatic.

zygomatic.

Which of the following statements about the functions of the paranasal sinuses is false ? A) They provide an extensive area of mucous epithelium. B) They make skull bones lighter. C) The mucus they secrete enters the nasal cavities. D) They support cilia that move the mucus. E) None of the above all are true.

None of the above all are true.

________ curves of the spine develop late in fetal development. A) Primary B) Secondary C) Compensation D) Accommodation E) all of the above

Primary

List the five primary components of the axial skeleton.

skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the A) maxilla B) crista galli C) sphenoid D) ethmoid E) cribriform

sphenoid

Which five skull bones contain the paranasal sinuses?

sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, palatine, and maxillary bones

Give the clinical term for the condition in which the vertebral laminae fail to unite during development

spina bifida

Which bone(s) include(s) a manubrium? A) scapula B) clavicle C) sternum D) cervical vertebrae #1 and #2 E) all the vertebrae

sternum

The hyoid bone is suspended by ________ ligaments. A) sutural B) styloid C) hyoid D) stylohyoid E) sternocleidomastoid

stylohyoid

Ligaments that support the hyoid bone are attached to the A) styloid process. B) mastoid process. C) articular tubercle. D) posterior clinoid process. E) middle concha.

styloid process.

The facial nerve (N. VII) passes through internal acoustic meatus and then through the A) mastoid foramen. B) stylomastoid foramen. C) jugular foramen. D) carotid foramen. E) foramen lacerum.

stylomastoid foramen.

The alveolar process of the mandible A) supports the upper teeth. B) supports the lower teeth. C) anchors the tongue. D) all of the above E) A and B only

supports the lower teeth.

What organ is located in the lacrimal fossa? A) the pituitary gland B) the inner ear C) tear gland D) the lacrimal ramus E) the frontal sinus

tear gland

The external acoustic meatus is a foramen in which skull bone? A) zygomatic B) vomer C) temporal D) parietal E) auditory ossicles

temporal

Which of these types of vertebrae and their numbers is not correct? A) cervical7 B) thoracic12 C) lumbral5 D) sacral1 E) coccygeal3 to 5

sacral1

The suture that forms the articulation of the two parietal bones is the ________ suture. A) lambdoidal B) rostral C) coronal D) squamosal E) sagittal

sagittal

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called ________.

scoliosis

An exaggerated lateral curvature is termed A) kyphosis. B) lordosis. C) scoliosis. D) gomphosis. E) mentosis.

scoliosis.

Each of the following is associated with the temporal bone, except the A) mastoid cells. B) petrous portion. C) sella turcica. D) internal acoustic meatus. E) mandibular fossa.

sella turcica.

The vertebra prominens is another name for the ________ vertebra. A) first cervical B) second cervical C) seventh cervical D) first thoracic E) fifth lumbar

seventh cervical

Sinus inflammation is termed ________.

sinusitis

The zygomatic bone articulates with the ________ bone to form the zygomatic arch.

temporal

The zygomatic arch is formed by the union of processes from which two bones? A) temporal and maxilla B) frontal and temporal C) sphenoid and temporal D) zygomatic and maxilla E) temporal and zygomatic

temporal and zygomatic

The styloid process, zygomatic process, and auditory ossicles are associated with the A) parietal bone. B) occipital bone. C) sphenoid. D) temporal bone. E) ulna.

temporal bone.

Provide the full term for TMJ syndrome.

temporomandibular joint syndrome

If there were no paranasal sinuses, all of the following would be true, except A) the skull would be heavier. B) stronger neck muscles would be required. C) less mucus in the nasal cavity. D) reduced ability to trap dust and particles. E) the ability to sneeze would be impaired.

the ability to sneeze would be impaired.

The bony compartment that houses the brain is called the ________.

cranium

The nasal conchae A) attach muscles that move the eye. B) contain the nerves for olfaction. C) create turbulence in the nasal passageways. D) protect the pituitary gland. E) attach muscles that move the eyelids.

create turbulence in the nasal passageways.

Each of the following structures is associated with the sphenoid bone, except the A) foramen ovale. B) optic canals. C) pterygoid processes. D) sella turcica. E) cribriform plate.

cribriform plate

A membrane that stabilizes the position of the brain is attached to the A) crista galli. B) pterygoid processes. C) styloid process. D) perpendicular plate. E) cribriform plate.

crista galli

Successive vertebrae articulate at facets on the ________ of the superior vertebra and facets on the ________ of the adjacent inferior vertebrae

inferior articular processes; superior articular process

The ________ passes through the ________. A) vagus nerve; foramen magnum B) trigeminal nerve; foramen ovale C) acoustic nerve; external acoustic meatus D) internal jugular vein; jugular foramen E) internal carotid artery; jugular foramen

internal jugular vein; jugular foramen

The smallest facial bones are the A) ethmoid bones. B) lacrimal bones. C) lacerum bones. D) nasal bones. E) zygomatic bones.

lacrimal bones.

The parietal bones and occipital bone articulate at the ________ suture.

lambdoid

List the four primary sutures

lambdoid, coronal, sagittal, and squamous

Name the four sutures found in the skull.

lambdoid, coronal, sagittal, and squamous

The vertebral arch is formed by the pedicles and the A) transverse spinous processes. B) dorsal spinous processes. C) laminae. D) both A and B E) both A and C

laminae.

An exaggerated lumbar curvature of the spine is known as ________.

lordosis

The widest intervertebral discs are found in the ________ region. A) cervical B) thoracic C) lumbar D) sacral E) coccygeal

lumbar

The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica contains the ________ gland. A) lacrimal B) pituitary C) olfactory D) nasal E) sellar

pituitary

Of the following bones, which is unpaired? A) vomer B) maxillary C) palatine D) nasal E) none of these

vomer

The inferior portion of the nasal septum is formed by the ________.

vomer

Humans normally have ________ pairs of ribs. A) 2 B) 6 C) 10 D) 12 E) 24

12

The vertebral column contains ________ thoracic vertebrae. A) 4 B) 5 C) 7 D) 12 E) 31

12

The most significant skull growth occurs before the age of A) 3. B) 2. C) 5. D) 1. E) 4.

5

The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae. A) 4 B) 5 C) 7 D) 12 E) 31

5

How many bones make up the axial skeleton? A) 50 B) 60 C) 70 D) 80 E) 90

80

Provide alternate terms for these rib parts: A) head B) tubercle C) body

A = capitulum; B = tuberculum; C = shaft

As you move caudally along the spinal column, A) the vertebral foramina become relatively smaller. B) the vertebral bodies become relatively larger. C) the dorsal spines grow progressively longer. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C

A and B only

As you proceed from the head down the vertebral column A) the vertebrae become larger and heavier. B) the size of the vertebral foramen decreases. C) the transverse foramina become larger. D) all of the above E) A and B only

A and B only

Damage to the temporal bone would most likely affect the sense of A) balance. B) hearing. C) smell. D) A, B, and C E) A and B only

A and B only

Which of these spinal deformities is correctly matched? A) rickets bow- legged B) kyphosisʺ hump- backedʺ C) scoliosis lateral deviation of the spine D) lordosisʺ swaybackʺ E) All are correctly matched.

All are correctly matched.

Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton? A) provides an attachment for muscles that move the appendicular skeleton B) provides an attachment for muscles that move the head, neck, and trunk C) provides an attachment for muscles involved in respiration D) all of the above E) B and C only

B and C only

________ are non-ossified fibrous attachments between cranial bones.

Fontanels

The hyoid bone A) attaches to tongue muscles. B) is linked to the styloid process by a ligament. C) is superior to the larynx. D) all of the above E) A and C only

all of the above

The sacrum protects these organs: A) reproductive B) digestive C) urinary D) all of the above E) A and C only

all of the above

The sternum contains A) the manubrium. B) the jugular notch. C) the body. D) the xiphoid process. E) all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following are distinctive features of thoracic vertebrae? A) heart-shaped bodies B) long spinous processes C) rib articulations D) all of the above E) A and C only

all of the above

Which of the following statements about the coccyx is true? A) is the most caudal vertebral region B) anchors a muscle that constricts the anal opening C) is more flexible in women D) fusion is delayed until mid- 20s E) all of the above

all of the above

While visiting your friend who recently gave birth, she comments on her infantʹs soft spot. You think to yourself that the correct term for the ʺsoft spotʺ located at the intersection of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures is A) sphenoidal fontanel. B) anterior fontanel. C) occipital fontanel. D) mastoid fontanel. E) cushion spot.

anterior fontanel.

All of the following are true of the sacrum, except that it A) provides protection for reproductive, digestive, and excretory organs. B) provides a point of attachment for leg muscles. C) articulates with the pelvic bones. D) articulates with the second and third lumbar vertebrae. E) articulates with the coccyx.

articulates with the second and third lumbar vertebrae.

The first cervical vertebra is better known as the ________.

atlas

The four spinal curves include all but one of the following. Identify the exception. A) thoracic B) cervical C) pelvic D) axial E) sacral

axial

The odontoid process is found on the A) atlas. B) axis. C) sacrum. D) coccyx. E) ribs.

axis

The second cervical vertebra is usually called the ________.

axis

Gesturing ʺnoʺ with the head depends on the structure(s) of which cervical vertebrae? A) atlas B) axis C) vertebra prominens D) both A and B E) both A and C

both A and B

The anterior fontanel is located A) posterior to the frontal bone. B) anterior to the parietal bones. C) inferior to frontal bone. D) both A and B E) both B and C

both A and B

The function of the hyoid bone is to A) support the larynx. B) anchor the tongue muscles. C) protect the trachea. D) both A and B E) A, B, and C

both A and B

The role(s) of the sinuses include(s) A) making the skull lighter. B) production of mucus that moistens and cleans the air. C) release of stress hormones. D) extra source of air. E) both A and B

both A and B

The true ribs are A) ribs 1-7. B) also called vertebrosternal ribs. C) ribs 8-12. D) both A and B E) both B and C

both A and B

While performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on an unconscious person, you are careful to position your hands correctly to avoid damage to the A) ribs. B) scapula. C) xiphoid process. D) sacrum. E) both A and C

both A and C

The costal groove A) is located on the exterior surface. B) is located on the interior surface. C) marks the path of blood vessels. D) both A and C E) both B and C

both B and C

Vertebrae of the A) lumbar region are fused. B) sacral region are fused. C) coccygeal region are fused. D) both A and C E) both B and C

both B and C

The bony roof of the mouth is formed by the ________ bone(s). A) palatine B) vomer C) maxillary D) sphenoid E) both A and C

both a and c

The frontal and parietal bones articulate at the ________ suture

coronal

The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bones with the frontal bone is the ________ suture. A) lambdoidal B) rostral C) coronal D) squamosal E) sagittal

coronal

True ribs are directly connected to the sternum by ________.

costal cartilages

The ________ is a fluid-filled bony chamber that cushions and supports the brain.

cranial cavity

The condition in which distortions of the skull occur due to the premature closure of fontanels is called ________.

craniostenosis

The four curves of the adult spinal column are not all present at birth. Which of the following are the secondary curves, those that do not appear until several months later? A) cervical and lumbar B) thoracic and lumbar C) sacral and lumbar D) thoracic and sacral E) cervical and sacral

cervical and lumbar

The ________ allow for a wide range of head movements.

cervical vertebrae

While volunteering in an outpatient clinic for underprivileged families in your neighborhood, you observe the nurse assessing an infant. The mother had complained about the baby not eating and having several episodes of diarrhea lasting 3 days. You know the nurse suspects possible dehydration when she A) checks the anterior fontanel for depression. B) points out the dryness of the infantʹs diaper. C) checks the infantʹs reflexes. D) questions the mother about normal feeding habits. E) none of the above

checks the anterior fontanel for depression.

The five vertebral regions are the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and ________.

coccygeal

As the result of an accident, Bill suffers a dislocated jaw. This injury would involve the A) stylohyoid ligaments. B) hyoid bone. C) condylar process of the mandible. D) alveolar process of the mandible. E) greater cornu of the hyoid bone.

condylar process of the mandible.

The occipital ________ are where the occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebra.

condyles

A bent nasal septum that slows or prevents sinus drainage is known clinically as a ________ septum. A) deviated B) crooked C) obstructive D) deviant E) restrictive

deviated

In the condition known as a(n) ________, the nasal septum has a bend in it.

deviated septum

Jack gets into a fight and is punched in the nose. Which of the following bones might be fractured? A) ethmoid bone B) sphenoid bone C) temporal bone D) mandible E) parietal bone

ethmoid bone

Name the sesamoid bone that may occur in association with the gastrocnemius

fabella

Thoracic vertebrae can be distinguished from other vertebrae by the presence of A) transverse processes. B) transverse foramina. C) facets for the articulation of ribs. D) notched spinous processes. E) costal cartilages.

facets for the articulation of ribs.

Ribs 8 to 12 are called ________ because they do not attach directly to the sternum.

false ribs

Ribs that have no connection to the sternum are called ________.

floating ribs

Fibrous connective tissue called ________ accommodates brain growth in infants. A) sutures B) vertebrae C) fontanels D) frontals E) foramina

fontanels

The membranous areas between the cranial bones of the fetal skull are A) fontanels. B) sutures. C) Wormian bones. D) foramina. E) fibrocartilaginous discs.

fontanels.

Identify the structure the occipital bone surrounds. A) magnum maximus B) foramen magnum C) foramen magnus D) foramina maximus E) maximus minimus

foramen magnum

Which of these is not one of bones of the face? A) frontal B) maxilla C) vomer D) mandible E) zygomatic

frontal

The calvaria (or skullcap) is formed by the ________ bones. A) frontal, temporal, and parietal B) frontal, parietal, and occipital C) temporal, parietal, and occipital D) frontal, temporal, and occipital E) frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital

frontal, parietal, and occipital

The ________ bone is unusual because it doesnʹt contact another bone.

hyoid

Ridges that anchor muscles that stabilize the head are the A) anterior and posterior nuchal lines. B) anterior and superior nuchal lines. C) inferior and superior nuchal lines. D) medial and lateral nuchal lines. E) cranial and caudal nuchal lines.

inferior and superior nuchal lines.

You witness one of your friends in a fight. Your friend Gregg is hit in the jaw and when looking at him, his face looks misaligned. You immediately take him to the emergency room and are not surprised to learn that he has a broken A) temporal bone. B) zygomatic bone. C) mandible. D) external auditory meatus. E) clavicle.

mandible

A nerve that carries sensory information from the teeth and gums of the lower jaw passes through the A) ramus of the mandible. B) condylar process. C) mental foramen. D) mandibular foramen. E) maxillary foramen

mandibular foramen.

The lower jaw articulates with the temporal bone at the A) mandibular fossa. B) mastoid process. C) superior clinoid process. D) lateral palatine process. E) cribriform plate.

mandibular fossa.

The part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles is the A) manubrium. B) body. C) xiphoid process. D) angle. E) tuberculum.

manubrium.

The prominent bulge just posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus is the A) mastoid process. B) styloid process. C) occipital condyle. D) condyloid process. E) temporal process.

mastoid process.

Nerves carrying sensory information from the lips and the chin pass through the A) ramus of the mandible. B) condylar process. C) mental foramina. D) mandibular foramina. E) maxillary foramina.

mental foramina.

In the condition known as ________, premature closure of all of the cranial sutures results in restricted brain growth and an undersized head.

microcephaly

The term for undersized head is A) encephalopathy. B) microcephaly. C) macrocephaly. D) encephalitis. E) none of the above

microcephaly.

Lumbar vertebrae are ________ massive and ________ mobile. A) least; most B) most; most C) least; least D) not; excessively E) most; least

most; least

The superior and inferior temporal lines mark the points of attachment for A) muscles that stabilize the skull at the vertebral column. B) muscles that open and close the eye. C) muscles that close the mouth. D) muscles that turn the head. E) both A and D

muscles that close the mouth.

Each of the following bones is a component of the orbital complex, except the ________ bone. A) lacrimal B) nasal C) sphenoid D) ethmoid E) frontal

nasal

The foramen magnum is found in the ________ bone. A) frontal B) parietal C) sphenoid D) occipital E) temporal

occipital

The nasal complex includes the bones that enclose the nasal cavity and the ________ sinuses.

paranasal

Which of the following is not part of the axial division of the skeletal system? A) skull B) auditory ossicles C) hyoid bone D) E) vertebral column

pectoral girdle

The bony portion of the nasal septum is formed by the A) nasal bones. B) perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. C) perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and vomer bones. D) vomer and sphenoid bone. E) perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and sphenoid bones.

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and vomer bones.

Each of the following landmarks is associated with the occipital bone except the A) superficial nuchal lines. B) jugular foramen. C) hypoglossal canals. D) petrous process. E) occipital crest.

petrous process.

Each of the following statements concerning the development of the skull is true, except that A) the bones of the skull develop from a single ossification focus. B) at birth the cranial bones are connected by areas of fibrous connective tissue. C) the growth of the cranium is usually coordinated with the growth of the brain. D) the skulls of infants and adults differ in shape and structure of the skeletal elements. E) the most significant growth of the skull occurs before the age of 5.

the bones of the skull develop from a single ossification focus.

Sutures can be found at all of the joints of an adult skull, except between A) the mandible and the cranium. B) the zygomatic bone and the maxillary bone. C) the occipital bone and the parietal bone. D) the vomer and the zygomatic bone. E) None of the abovethey are all sutures.

the mandible and the cranium.

All of the following are true of lumbar vertebrae, except that A) the superior articular processes face medially. B) they lack costal facets. C) the transverse process is slender and projects dorsolaterally. D) the vertebral foramen is triangular. E) the vertebral bodies are delicate.

the vertebral bodies are delicate.

The ribs articulate with the A) cervical vertebrae. B) thoracic vertebrae. C) lumbar vertebrae. D) all of the above E) A and B only

thoracic vertebrae.

The ribs articulate with the ________ of the vertebrae. A) spinous processes B) transverse processes C) laminae D) pedicles E) auric arches

transverse processes

The part of the vertebrae that transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column is the A) vertebral arch. B) vertebral body. C) articular processes. D) intervertebral space. E) none of the above

vertebral body.