Chapter 7

Which best describes osseous tissue?

A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone

Which of the following best describes a medullary cavity?

A hollow cavity within the diaphysis of a long bone

Which is a function of articular cartilage?

Allows easier joint movements

Which describes a nutrient foramen?

An opening into the surface of a bone which allows the passage of blood vessels into bone tissue

What is the hyaline cartilage found covering the ends of bones within a joint called?

Articular cartilage

Which is part of the inorganic matter that makes up the matrix of bone?

Calcium phosphate salt

What is the name for a channel that extends longitudinally through the center of an osteon?

Central canal Haversian canal

Which osseous tissue is found at the surface of all bones?

Compact

Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone?

Endosteum

What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach called?

Epiphysis

True or false: Osteogenic cells are stem cells in the endosteum, periosteum, and central canals that can become chondrocytes.

False

True or false: The bone cells responsible for the formation of the organic bone matrix are called chondrocytes.

False

Thin, often curved, bones are classified as what shape?

Flat

In compact bone, what are the remnants of old osteons found between complete osteons called?

Interstitial lamellae

What is the hollow space in which an osteocyte resides called?

Lacuna

Lacunae are located between concentric rings of compact bone tissue called what?

Lamellae

What are the layers of bony matrix in compact bone tissue called?

Lamellae

What is the hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone called?

Medullary cavity

Which allows the passage of blood vessels into a bone?

Nutrient foramen

Mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone are called _________ .

Osteocytes

What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?

Osteocytes

What is the study of bone called?

Osteology

Which channels run perpendicular to the central canals of osteons?

Perforating canals

The connective tissue surrounding the external surface of a bone is called the _________ .

Periosteum

In which of the following does blood cell production occur?

Red bone marrow

Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?

Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

________ bone is always enclosed by more durable compact bone.

Spongy,

Osteocytes act as __________ sensors to adjust bone shape and density to adapt to stress.

Strain

Which describes a diaphysis?

The shaft of a long bone

True or false: Compact bone comprises most of the diaphysis of a long bone.

True

True or false: Once "closed" or ossified, growth in length no longer occurs at an epiphyseal plate.

True

What are the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone filled with?

bone marrow

The process in which dense regular connective tissue hardens to form bone is called ________ .

calcification

What is the deposition of calcium salts called?

calcification

Bone tissue made up of parallel osteons that are tightly packed together is called_____ bone

compact

Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons?

compact

In longitudinal views, osteons are ______.

cylinder

Which of the following are functions of osteocytes?

deposit bone resorb bone strain sensors

The shaft of a long bone is called

diaphysis

One function of the skeleton is to store calcium and phosphate to help maintain ____________ balance.

electrolyte

Central and perforating canals are lined with ______.

endosteum

Where does a long bone grow in length?

epiphyseal plate

In adults, what is the remnant of the epiphyseal plate called?

epiphysial line

The structure found between the epiphysis and diaphysis in a child and is a site of bone growth is the ______ plate.

epiphysial plate

The outer layer of periosteum is a(n) ______.

fibrous layer

Bones are classified as one of four types based on their shape. The bones of the cranium are examples of __________ bones.

flat

Another term for a central canal is a(n)_______ canal.

haversian

The calcium-phosphate salt that mineralizes bone tissue is called ______.

hydroxyapatite

Partial older osteons can be found between complete newer osteons. These partial osteons are referred to as _________ lamellae.

interstitial or Interstitial

Bones such as the vertebrae are classified as ______ bones.

irregular

Bones such as the vertebrae are classified as ________ bones.

irregular

Bones that are longer than they are wide are classified as ________ bones.

long

What shape is the humerus?

long

The medullary cavity is also called the ______.

marrow cavity

The process in which dense regular connective tissue hardens to form bone is called _________ .

mineralization or calcification

The connective tissue that makes up bone is called ______ tissue.

osseous

Osteocytes are former ______.

osteoblasts

Osteoblasts secrete the hormone ______.

osteocalcin

Bone dissolving cells on bone surfaces are called _________ .

osteoclasts

Stem cells in developing bone that give rise to osteoblasts are called _________ cells.

osteogenic

The action carried out by osteoclasts is ______.

osteolysis

The basic structural unit of compact bone is the ______.

osteon

The connective tissue surrounding the external surface of a bone is called the

periosteum

Bones such as the carpals that have the same length and width are classified as ________ bones

short

What bone shape are the carpal bones of the wrist?

short

Bone marrow fills the spaces between trabeculae in ______ bone tissue.

spongy

The interior of flat bones is composed of ______ bone.

spongy

Trabeculae and spicules are found in __________ bone.

spongy bone

Which of the following is a function of yellow bone marrow?

storage of energy

Osteocytes act as ______ sensors to adjust bone shape and density to adapt to stress.

strain

Which are functions of the skeletal system?

support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and blood formation

What are the thin plates forming spongy bone called?

trabeculae

Fatty bone marrow that no longer produces blood cells is called _______ bone marrow.

yellow bone marrow