Chapter 8
Which two political parties were competitive during the first party system
-federalists -democratic-republicans
The election of ____ was a realigning election
1932
Which of the following voting blocs has moved heavily into the Democratic Party since the 1960s?
African (black) Americans
Which of the following voting blocs has moved heavily into the Democratic Party since the 1960s?
African Americans
Which of the following groups are currently most likely part of the Democratic coalition ?
African Americans, Union Members, 18-29 years old
Which of the following groups are currently most likely part of the Democratic coalition?
African Americans, union members, the elderly
The most electorally successful factional party in U.S. history was the
Bull Moose Party
The Civil War triggered a party realignment. What were the two major parties during this realignment period?
Democrat and Republican
Third parties that break off from one of the two dominant parties are known as
Factional parties
Since 1968 the Republican Party has been weaker at the national level than it was in the decades after the Great Depression.
False
______ is associated with the Era of Good Feelings
James Monroe
What usually happens after a third party is relatively successful in attracting votes during a U.S. national election?
One or both major parties will try to co-opt the issue or issues that made the third party successful.
The strongest reform party in U.S. history was the
Progressive Party
The party realignment that began in the 1960s was completed during what presidency?
Reagan's
Which party benefited from the 1896 realignmentwhich was triggered by an economic depression following a banking crisis under President Grover Cleveland?
Republican Party
Opposition to slavery gave rise to which party?
Republican party
Which of the following statements is true regarding a single-member district electoral system?
The candidate with more votes than any opponent wins the election in the district.
Which of the following statements describe how U.S. campaigns are both party centered and candidate centered?
The same parties are represented nationwide. Candidates organize their own campaigns.
In politics, what do linkage institutions do?
They connect citizens with government.
Which of the following are true of Hispanic voters in the United States? (Choose every correct answer)
They lean heavily toward the Democratic Party, except for Cuban Americans. Hispanics tend to be liberal on economic issues and conservative on social issues.
How did many of the founders of the United States view political parties?
They viewed political parties with suspicion.
The main opposition to the Democratic Party in the 1830s and 1840s was the _____ Party, which eventually died out.
Whig Party
Which party formed during the 1830s was competitive against the Jacksonian Democratic Party?
Whig Party
Which of the following best describes the voting electorate after the expansion of voting rights during the era of Jacksonian democracy?
all white males
Which of the following characteristics of political campaigns have undergone change?
amount of money required, focus on campaign, length of campaign
Modern campaigns for high office
are much longer than they were historically
In general, political parties are made up of a ___ constituency of supporters.
broad
In general, political parties are made up of a ______ constituency of supporters.
broad
James Carville and Roger Ailes are both examples of..
campaign strategists who have earned legendary reputations.
Organizationally, the U.S. major parties are..
decentralized and fragmented
Since the 1980s, which group has voted most strongly for the Republican Party?
fundamentalist Christians
The fact that more white women than white men vote for the Democratic Party an example of a(n) ___ gap.
gender
The fact that more white women than white men vote for the Democratic Party, is an example of a..
gender gap
Political parties began to emerge in the United States..
in spite of the founding fathers' beliefs about them.
The rise of candidate-centered campaigns has
increased the importance of money in political campaigns & made it easier for political newcomers to win high office.
As compared to on television , ___ have greater control over the message on the Internet
individual users
On a variety of issues, white women hold opinions that are on average ___ than those of white men.
more liberal
A ___ political system made up of at least three political parties
multiparty
A _____ political system, is made up of at least three political parties.
multiparty
Local party organizations operate
only during campaign periods
Local party organizations operate
only during campaign periods.
A(n) ___ primary is one in which any registered voter, regardless of party affiliation may vote.
open
Grassroot parties..
operate at the local level, are open to all citizens
The national, state, and local organizations of the Republican and Democratic parties are
relatively independent, that is each level does not have much control over the others.
Voting for a candidate's past performance rather than future promises is an example of what is called ___ voting.
retrospective
The Republican Party has advocated for a
smaller government that performs fewer social welfare functions
On a ___citizens vote for candidates from different parties
split ticket
In order to raise enough funds for their campaigns, political candidates raise money from all of the following groups except
state governments.
In order to raise enough funds for their campaigns, political candidates raise money from all the following groups except..
state governments.
During the 1930s the Democratic Party became the party of federal power rather than the ___ party
states' rights
Many voters cast a ___ where they only vote for candidates of one party.
straight ticket
In terms of percentage of the presidential popular vote, the most successful of the 20th third parties was..
the Bull Moose Party
Which of the following led to the start of the political party realignment in the 1930s that worked to the benefit of the Democratic Party?
the Great Depression
Which of the following represents the greatest blow to the organizational strength of U.S. parties?
the direct primary
When a realignment in the electorate occurs, which of the following occurs?
the parties reorganize themselves.
What is the purpose of a primary election (direct primary)
to enable voters to select their respective party's candidates for a general election.
Primaries in which candidates of both parties are on the same ballot and the top-two finishers compete in the general election are called ___ primaries.
top-two
Current election laws in the U.S. favor a..
two-party system
State parties are involved with which of the following activities?
voter registration, election of U.S. senators
When does a national party committee defer to the president to choose a national chair?
when the party controls the White House
Which of the following statements about negative ads and negative campaigning are true?
Abraham Lincoln was the target of insulting comments about his appearance during election campaigns, Negative campaigning in presidential elections was used as long ago as when Thomas Jefferson ran for office.
_____ lost the 1964 presidential election in a landslide because his views were seen as too extreme.
Barry Goldwater
True or false The Internet has overtaken television as the principal medium of election politics.
False.
True or false: Local party organizations are stronger today than they were in the days of the political machines.
False.
Which of the following are trie of Hispanic voters in the United States?
Hispanics tend to be liberal on economic issues and conservative on social issues; they lean heavily toward the Democratic party.
Opposition to slavery gave rise to which party?
Republican Party
Which party benefited from the 1896 realignment, which was triggered by an economic depression following a banking crisis under President Grover Cleveland.
Republican Party
Which is a reason why some scholars think we have moved into a new party alignment?
The Republican Party has become stronger in the South and the Democratic Party had become stronger in the Northeast.
Which of the following are considered ways in which third parties can impact the American political process?
They draw attention to issues that are not getting much attention from the two major parties. They can influence electoral outcomes in a closely contested election between the two dominant party candidates. They give voters who are dissatisfied with the candidates from the two major parties a third option to vote for.
True or False: Rather than being the result of an abrupt shift in response to a single disruptive issue, realignments are caused bu gradual changes in response to several issues.
True.
Countries with multiparty systems tend to have what kind of electoral system?
a proportional representation system
Which of the following sum up the various functions of political consultants?
advising on how to run a successful campaign, gathering voter opinions, production of promotional materials.
All party organizations have a responsibility to
build support among voters.
Although party organizations still manage many tasks related to elections, the lead role in elections now lies with the
candidate
Political parties and their ability to control politics in the United States have been weakened by ___-centered campaigns
candidate
A state that prevents members of one political party from voting for another party's nominees has which type of primary?
closed
Even if a third party candidate fails to win an election, the candidate has still done which of the following to help the third party succeed?
encouraged the major parties to address issues introduced by the third party, draw attention to an issue previously ignored by the two major candidates.
In the of Jacksonian democracy, the efforts of local party organizations, along with the extension of voting rights to citizens without property contributed to an almost ___ increase in election turnout
fourfold
The rise of candidate-centered campaigns has
increased the importance of money in political campaigns. made it easier for political newcomers to win high office.
The largest expenditure in presidential campaigns is for which of the following?
media
Today's political campaigns rely on which of the following to be successful?
media producers, pollsters, campaign strategists
Which theory argues that a party can maximize its vote by placing itself at the location of the middle voter's preference ?
median voter theory
When a political party makes a(n) _______ for an elected office, it selects a person to run as the party's candidate in the general election for that office.
nomination
If a minor party gains a large following, it is almost certain that..
one or both major parties will absorb its issues, and the minor party will lose support.
Which of the following are considered functions of a political party?
parties endeavor to represent a majority, parties seek to govern.
Organizations that nominate and seek to elect candidates to government office are known as
political parties
A reason political parties have emerged whenever democracy has been established is that..
political parties provide individuals a way to join together in order to exercise their collective influence
An election in which voters chose the party's nominees is called a(n) ______ election.
primary
In Britain's 2017 election, the Liberal Democrats received 7 percent of the national vote and, thereby, roughly 7 percent of the seats in Parliament. This is an example of a _____ system.
proportional representation
A permanent shift in party allegiances or electoral support is known as a party
realignment
Which type of third parties arise from a belief that partisan politics is a corrupting influence that needs to be changed?
reform parties
Which type of third party arises from a belief that partisan politics is a corrupting influence that needs to be changed?
reform parties
The national, state, and local organizations of the Republican and Democratic Parties are
relatively independent, that is each level does not have much control over the others.
Third parties formed to promote a stance on a particular issue are known as..
single-issue parties
Third parties formed to promote a stance on particular issue are known
single-issue parties
Many voters cast a ______, where they only vote for candidates of one party.
straight ticket
Which political party has been known for its advancement of civil rights and expansion of social welfare programs?
the Democratic Party
The in- party's chances of staying in power has historically depended primarily on
the condition of the economy.
Which of the following statements about televised debates in presidential campaigns are true?
they are usually part of presidential campaigns.
America's plurality , or winner-take-all, system of electing candidates works to the disadvantage of
third parties
Which of the following are roles that national political parties have?
to raise money for Congressional campaigns, to seek media coverage of party positions and activities, to raise money for presidential campaigns
Which the following are roles that national political parties have?
to raise money for Congressional campaigns, to seek media coverage of party positions and activities, to raise money for presidential campaigns
What is the term Darrell West uses to describes candidates of televised ads?
air wars
Today, political candidates tend to..
set up and run their own campaign organizations
Which of the following factors have contributed to the weakening of party organizations?
candidate-centered campaigns, primary elections
What were the two competitive political parties during the first party system?
Federalists and Democrat-Republicans
Populist _______ won electoral votes in six states in the presidential election of 1892.
James B. Weaver
True or false: Today's candidates are more likely than before to owe their nomination to the efforts of their political party organization.
False.
Voting for a candidates's promises rather than his or her past actions is an example of what is called ______ voting.
prospective
How do candidates encourage people to vote on Election Day?
they rely on organizations to spread the word, the contact prospective voters on Election Day
How many major political parties are there in the United States today?
two
Which president was elected under his promise that he would do something about the Great Depression?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
In a proportional representation system, which of the following is true?
Political parties win a number of seats in the legislature in rough proportion to the percentage of the vote each party receives.
___ refers to the selection of the individual who will run as the party's candidate in the general election
Nomination
The groups and interests that support a political party are collectively referred to as a
party coalition
The U.S. government functions as a(n)___system
two-party
What percentage of voters today cast a split ticket?
20 percent
What group was most concerned about what Scammon and Wattenberg called the "social issue"?
conservative Christans
