HE 110 chapter 4
What is the RDA for carbohydrates for adult
130 grams per day
If you were consuming 2000 Calories a day, you should eat less than ____ Calories as added sugar.
200
To make up a healthy diet, carbohydrates should provide
45% to 65% of total calories in the diet
Some ingested carbohydrate may be used as an energy source as early as _____ minutes following ingestion.
5-10 minutes
Rank the following stores of carbohydrate in the body from least to most abundant.
Blood glucose Liver glycogen Muscle glycogen
Which macronutrient is used as the primary energy fuel for high-intensity anaerobic events lasting for less than 1 minute and high-intensity aerobic events lasting more than an hour or two?
Carbohydrates
A hypothesis that explains the roles of branched chain amino acids and low muscle glycogen levels on fatigue and brain function is called the
Central fatigue hypothesis
Fiber is considered a
Complex carbohydrates
Which of the following is another term for glucose?
Dextrose
Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia?
Dizziness Fatigue
Carbohydrates are used as the primary energy source
During intense exercise
The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for
Glycogen
The new formation of glucose from either specific amino acids, glycerol or lactate is called
Glyconeogenesis
Muscle fatigue following high-intensity exercise most likely results from the accumulation of
Hydrogen ions
What is the technical term for high blood sugar?
Hyperglycemia
Anna's blood test showed that her fasting blood sugar was 45 mg/dl. According to these results, she is
Hypoglycemic
Carbohydrates are used as the primary energy source
Intense exercise
Which of the following statements about fiber are true?
Is a complex carbohydrate may contain lignin or resistant starches. A substance found in plants
Once carbohydrates have been absorbed into the blood, where are they taken to first in the body?
Liver
Which of the following are major storage sites for glycogen?
Liver & muscle
What food additives are primarily sugar?
Molasses High-fructose corn syrup Honey
Which of the following is a type of simple sugar ?
Monosaccharide
One effect of endurance training is that you may be able to store _______ in the muscle.
More glycogen
The greatest amount of carbohydrate stored in the body is in the form of
Muscle glycogen
Insulin is secreted by the
Pancreas
The process whereby carbohydrates are synthesized in plants using the energy from the sun is called ?
Photosynthesis
The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is
Starch
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
To provide energy for the body
The central fatigue hypothesis stems from the observations that
after prolonged exercise, the levels of free tryptophan in the blood will rise. decreased blood glucose levels will stimulate gluconeogenesis from muscle protein increased brain levels of tryptophan may stimulate the production of serotonin.
Example starch
amylopectin. amylose
Some effects of endurance training on exercise status include
an increased maximal capacity to utilize carbohydrates. using more glucose during intense, maximal exercise. an increase in V02max
As muscle glycogen is being used during exercise ______ enters the muscles and the energy pathways.
blood glucose
In the process of gluconeogenesis, glucose can be formed from
certain amino acids. lactate. glycerol.
Lactic acid levels ________ muscle fatigue following high-intensity exercise.
do not appear to be the cause of
Carbohydrate loading
has similar effects on muscle glycogen levels in men and women.
Complex carbohydrates are found primarily in
legumes. starchy vegetables. Whole grains
Insulin
lowers blood glucose levels. causes fat cells to take up glucose. causes muscles cells to take up glucose.
Added sugars in a food refers to
only those sugars that are added during food [production.
The primary contributors of carbohydrate to the diet include foods from the
protein foods (of plant origin). fruits group. grains group.
The RDA of 130 grams per day of carbohydrates is set to
provide adequate glucose for the brain and nervous system.
Metabolic by-products of carbohydate metabolism that have been studied as possible ergogenic aids include
pyruvate lactate. dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
What are other names for complex carbohydrates?
starch polysaccharides
3 disaccharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose
A person with a blood glucose concentration of 90 mg per dl would be considered
to have normal blood glucose levels.
Foods from both the fruits and grains groups generally yield ____ grams of carbohydrates per serving.
15 grams
If rapid re synthesis of muscle glycogen is not important, the consumption of adequate amounts of carbohydrate over a ______ period will restore muscle glycogen levels to normal following exercise.
24 hour
Ways to assess increases in muscle glycogen content include
monitor changes in body weight. have a muscle biopsy taken.
Stores of carbohydrate in the _____ are important for energy production during various forms of exercise.
muscle glycogen blood as glucose liver glycogen
Amylase is an enzyme that is released from the
salivary glands. pancreas.
Mechanisms for the development of fatigue include
signals sent from peripheral tissues to the brain. the use of fat for energy. the depletion of muscle glycogen
The term applied to refined sugars that are added to foods during production is called
Added sugars
Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?
Fructose
_________ must show beneficial effects in humans, whereas total fiber is the combination of dietary fiber and functional fiber in the food.
Functional fiber
What is the difference between functional fiber and dietary fiber?
Functional fiber has been added to foods for its beneficial health effects; dietary fiber is naturally present in foods.
The major monosaccharide found in the body is
Glucose
What is the major monosaccharide in the body?
Glucose
What's is also known as dextrose or grape sugar
Glucose
Which two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose?
Glucose Galactose
Which of the following are examples of simple sugars?
Glucose Galactose Fructose
Cane sugar or table sugar is composed of ______________.
Sucrose
Which of the following are true of polysaccharides
They are made of glucose units that are bonded together to form a chain. They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates or starches
Carbohydrate loading is usually performed ________ a major athletic competition.
3-7 days in preparation of
What percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates?
45-65%
Normal blood glucose levels range from ____ mg/dl.
80-100
The glucose in cornstarch may be converted to the manufactured carbohydrate
High-fructose corn syrup