Chapter 8
light reactions and calvin cycle
two stages of photosynthesis
carbon fixation=RuBP
what chemical reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme rubisco?
immediately split into 2 more stable 3 carbon molecules
what happens to the molecule formed by the addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate ?
glucose
what molecules are linked together to form a polysaccharide called starch?
thylakoid
where is chlorophyll a and b found in the chloroplast?
between thylakoid and inner membrane
where is the stroma located in the chloroplast?
Bonds in G3P store more energy and polymerize more readily.
why is a three-carbon molecule reduced to another three-carbon molecule in phase 2 of the Calvin cycle?
reduced
in the calvin cycle, CO2 is
thylakoid membrane
light reactions of photosynthesis takes place in
rubisco
most abundant protein in chloroplast?
thylakoid lumen
name of the space enclosed by thylakoids
1. carbohydrate reduction and production 2. Carbon fixation 3. Regeneration of RuBP
3 phases of the Calvin cycle:
The electron is transferred from the pigment to another molecule.
During photosynthesis, what happens to an electron in the reaction center pigment molecule after it is excited?
An electron can be delocalized across the porphyrin ring, allowing it to absorb energy.
How does the structure of chlorophyll enable its photosynthetic function?
to make glucose and other carbohydrates, regenerate ribulose bisphosphate
What is G3P used for in phase 2 of the calvin cycle?
the phytol tail
What part of a chlorophyll molecules anchors it to a protein within the thylakoid molecule?
photon
a discrete particle of light
pigment
a molecule that can absorb light.
light and heat
how might electrons, in an excited state, release energy?
stroma
in plants and algae, the calvin cycle occurs in the _____ of chloroplast.
excited state
after absorbing energy, an electron is said to be in a
stroma
calvin cycle takes place in
autotroph
can synthesize organic molecules and inorganic
heterotroph
consume food to obtain organic molecules
atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed into 5 carbon sugar.
first phase of calvin cycle:
chlorophyll
green plants utilize _____ a and b to absorb light energy in photosynthesis
3 ATP and 2 NADH
how many molecules of ATP and NADH is required to incorporate one carbon dioxide molecules into 6?
plants, algae, bacteria
organisms that can carry out photosynthesis
oxygen, ATP, NADPH
product of light reactions
ATP and NADPH
products of light reactions used as reactants in the Calvin cycle
G3P
products of the calvin cycle
convert light energy into chemical energy.
purpose of light reactions of photosynthesis
create 5-carbon sugar for the next cycle
purpose of phase 3 of calvin cycle?
energy reserve, and are building blocks for many organic molecules.
role of carbohydrates in plants cells?
NADPH
serves as an electron carrier that can accept 2 highly charged electrons.
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
source of carbon for the carbs in calvin cycle come from what?
granum
stack of thylakoids.
wavelength
the amount needed to boost an electron to a higher orbital determines the _____ of light a pigment will absorb.