Chapter 8

light reactions and calvin cycle

two stages of photosynthesis

carbon fixation=RuBP

what chemical reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme rubisco?

immediately split into 2 more stable 3 carbon molecules

what happens to the molecule formed by the addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate ?

glucose

what molecules are linked together to form a polysaccharide called starch?

thylakoid

where is chlorophyll a and b found in the chloroplast?

between thylakoid and inner membrane

where is the stroma located in the chloroplast?

Bonds in G3P store more energy and polymerize more readily.

why is a three-carbon molecule reduced to another three-carbon molecule in phase 2 of the Calvin cycle?

reduced

in the calvin cycle, CO2 is

thylakoid membrane

light reactions of photosynthesis takes place in

rubisco

most abundant protein in chloroplast?

thylakoid lumen

name of the space enclosed by thylakoids

1. carbohydrate reduction and production 2. Carbon fixation 3. Regeneration of RuBP

3 phases of the Calvin cycle:

The electron is transferred from the pigment to another molecule.

During photosynthesis, what happens to an electron in the reaction center pigment molecule after it is excited?

An electron can be delocalized across the porphyrin ring, allowing it to absorb energy.

How does the structure of chlorophyll enable its photosynthetic function?

to make glucose and other carbohydrates, regenerate ribulose bisphosphate

What is G3P used for in phase 2 of the calvin cycle?

the phytol tail

What part of a chlorophyll molecules anchors it to a protein within the thylakoid molecule?

photon

a discrete particle of light

pigment

a molecule that can absorb light.

light and heat

how might electrons, in an excited state, release energy?

stroma

in plants and algae, the calvin cycle occurs in the _____ of chloroplast.

excited state

after absorbing energy, an electron is said to be in a

stroma

calvin cycle takes place in

autotroph

can synthesize organic molecules and inorganic

heterotroph

consume food to obtain organic molecules

atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed into 5 carbon sugar.

first phase of calvin cycle:

chlorophyll

green plants utilize _____ a and b to absorb light energy in photosynthesis

3 ATP and 2 NADH

how many molecules of ATP and NADH is required to incorporate one carbon dioxide molecules into 6?

plants, algae, bacteria

organisms that can carry out photosynthesis

oxygen, ATP, NADPH

product of light reactions

ATP and NADPH

products of light reactions used as reactants in the Calvin cycle

G3P

products of the calvin cycle

convert light energy into chemical energy.

purpose of light reactions of photosynthesis

create 5-carbon sugar for the next cycle

purpose of phase 3 of calvin cycle?

energy reserve, and are building blocks for many organic molecules.

role of carbohydrates in plants cells?

NADPH

serves as an electron carrier that can accept 2 highly charged electrons.

carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

source of carbon for the carbs in calvin cycle come from what?

granum

stack of thylakoids.

wavelength

the amount needed to boost an electron to a higher orbital determines the _____ of light a pigment will absorb.