chapter 8

Which of the following answer options is not an example of a decision-making bias?

consensus

The process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem is called

decision making

The moderate correlation between learning and job performance may be underestimated because

it is difficult to measure tacit knowledge, which is relevant to task performance, due to its unspoken nature.

Emotionally charged judgments that arise through quick, nonconscious, and holistic associations are known as

intuition

A formalized method of training in which employees observe and learn from employees with significant amounts of tacit knowledge is known as ________ training.

behavior modeling

Learning refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.

false

Of the knowledge contained in organizations, 90 percent is explicit knowledge.

false

When considering reinforcement schedules, remember that fixed schedules lead to higher levels of performance than variable schedules.

false

Behaviors are reinforced after a certain number of them have been exhibited under a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

fixed ratio

Keenan had worked at the post office for many years, accepting packages for mailing that customers had packed themselves. Keenan could look at a package and tell if it met mailing specifications, and any corrective actions that needed taken. His quick assessments were based on ________ decisions.

programmed

The tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations is known as

selective perception

When the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once the period of learning ends, and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job, this is known as

transfer of training.

Employees with higher levels of expertise may become more highly valued commodities on the job market, thereby reducing their levels of continuance commitment.

true

The performance-avoid orientation is associated with high levels of anxiety and lower levels of learning.

true

Tacit knowledge is

typically job- or situation-specific.