Chapter 8

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Unfreezing

During the .... state of change, managers might confront employees with clear evidence that the company current performance is not competitive.

True

Exploration is the stage where ideas for new products and technologies are born

True

Failed innovation is often the result of failed cooperation

A disruptive innovation

The smartphone, which essentially put a computer in peoples pockets, is an example of ...... because it has replaced other technologies.

Exploration, Cooperation, Innovation Roles

Three critical innovation strategies for changing products and technologies

Bottom-up approach

encouraging the flow of ideas from lower levels and making sure they get heard and acted upon by top executives.

Team building

enhances the cohesiveness and success of organizational groups and teams

Ambidextrous approach

incorporating structures and processes that are appropriate for both the creative impulse and the systematic implementation

Open innovation

means extending the search for and commercialization of new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization and even beyond the boundaries of the industry.

Refreezing

occurs when individuals acquire new attitudes or values and are rewarded for them by the organizaton

New-venture fund

provides financial resources from which individual or teams can draw to develop new ideas, products or businesses.

Innovation by acquisation

recognizes that the cutting edge of innovation often happens with young, small, entrepreneurial companies rather than inside the walls of established firms.

Disruptive innovation

refers to innovations in products or services that typically start small and end up completely replacing an existing product

Creativity

refers to the generation of novel ideas that might meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization

Crowdsourcing

refers to using the internet to let hundreds of thousands of people contribute to the innovation process.

Horizontal linkage model

shows that the research, manufacturing and sales within an organization simultaneously contribute to new products and technologies.

Implementation

the final step in the change process

Uncertainty

the lack of information about future events and represent a fear of the unknown

Product Change

a change in the organizations product or shrive output

Technology Change

a change in the organizations production process (how the organization does its work)

Skunkwork

a separate, small, informal and often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas.

New-venture team

a unit separate from the rest of the organization that is responsible for developing and initiating a major innovation.

Idea champion

A person who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization.

Idea incubator

the mechanism that provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the company can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics.

Negotiation

uses formal bargaining to win acceptance and approval of desired change

large-group intervention

approach brings together participants from all parts of the organization to discuss problems or opportunities and plan for change

Survey feedback

begins with a questionnaire distributed to employees, the results of which are used to identify and solve problems

True

changing is sometimes known as intervention

Participation

involves users and potential resisters in designing the change

Change agent

is and OD specialist who performs a systematic diagnosis of the organization and identifies work-related problems

Unfreezing

makes people throughout the organization aware of problems and the need for change

Changing

occurs when individuals experiment with new behavior and learn new skills to be used in the workplace

Organizational change

the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization

Technology Change

Taco Bell and McDonals are considering adding kiosks in restaurants for customers to place their orders. This ..... will hopefully make the ordering process more efficient and increase accuracy.

True

Training is the most frequently used approaches to changing peoples mind-sets

Organizational Development

- a planned and systematic - process of change - Improves an organization's health and effectiveness.

A large group intervention

If an OD consultant is hired to implement ...... this activity will include meeting with employees from across the organizations and often external stakeholders to have a sustained, guided dialogue.

Coercion

Managers use their formal power to force employees to change

- Mergers and acquisitions - Organizational decline/revitalization -Conflict management

OD can help with the following


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