Chapter 8
Unfreezing
During the .... state of change, managers might confront employees with clear evidence that the company current performance is not competitive.
True
Exploration is the stage where ideas for new products and technologies are born
True
Failed innovation is often the result of failed cooperation
A disruptive innovation
The smartphone, which essentially put a computer in peoples pockets, is an example of ...... because it has replaced other technologies.
Exploration, Cooperation, Innovation Roles
Three critical innovation strategies for changing products and technologies
Bottom-up approach
encouraging the flow of ideas from lower levels and making sure they get heard and acted upon by top executives.
Team building
enhances the cohesiveness and success of organizational groups and teams
Ambidextrous approach
incorporating structures and processes that are appropriate for both the creative impulse and the systematic implementation
Open innovation
means extending the search for and commercialization of new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization and even beyond the boundaries of the industry.
Refreezing
occurs when individuals acquire new attitudes or values and are rewarded for them by the organizaton
New-venture fund
provides financial resources from which individual or teams can draw to develop new ideas, products or businesses.
Innovation by acquisation
recognizes that the cutting edge of innovation often happens with young, small, entrepreneurial companies rather than inside the walls of established firms.
Disruptive innovation
refers to innovations in products or services that typically start small and end up completely replacing an existing product
Creativity
refers to the generation of novel ideas that might meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization
Crowdsourcing
refers to using the internet to let hundreds of thousands of people contribute to the innovation process.
Horizontal linkage model
shows that the research, manufacturing and sales within an organization simultaneously contribute to new products and technologies.
Implementation
the final step in the change process
Uncertainty
the lack of information about future events and represent a fear of the unknown
Product Change
a change in the organizations product or shrive output
Technology Change
a change in the organizations production process (how the organization does its work)
Skunkwork
a separate, small, informal and often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas.
New-venture team
a unit separate from the rest of the organization that is responsible for developing and initiating a major innovation.
Idea champion
A person who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization.
Idea incubator
the mechanism that provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the company can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics.
Negotiation
uses formal bargaining to win acceptance and approval of desired change
large-group intervention
approach brings together participants from all parts of the organization to discuss problems or opportunities and plan for change
Survey feedback
begins with a questionnaire distributed to employees, the results of which are used to identify and solve problems
True
changing is sometimes known as intervention
Participation
involves users and potential resisters in designing the change
Change agent
is and OD specialist who performs a systematic diagnosis of the organization and identifies work-related problems
Unfreezing
makes people throughout the organization aware of problems and the need for change
Changing
occurs when individuals experiment with new behavior and learn new skills to be used in the workplace
Organizational change
the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization
Technology Change
Taco Bell and McDonals are considering adding kiosks in restaurants for customers to place their orders. This ..... will hopefully make the ordering process more efficient and increase accuracy.
True
Training is the most frequently used approaches to changing peoples mind-sets
Organizational Development
- a planned and systematic - process of change - Improves an organization's health and effectiveness.
A large group intervention
If an OD consultant is hired to implement ...... this activity will include meeting with employees from across the organizations and often external stakeholders to have a sustained, guided dialogue.
Coercion
Managers use their formal power to force employees to change
- Mergers and acquisitions - Organizational decline/revitalization -Conflict management
OD can help with the following
