CHAPTER 8

sagittal or anteroposterior plane

Anterior and posterior pelvic rotation occur in the

proximal thigh

generally serves as a point of insertion for some of the short muscles of the hip and as the origin for three of the knee extensors

Inferior and superior pubic ligament

Stabilizes the pubic symphysis; maintains superior/inferior glide and separation/compression of the pubic symphysis

Iliofemoral ligament

Two bands running diagonally from anterior pelvis to femur; strongest ligament in the body; shaped like an inverted "Y"; reinforces the anterior surface of the articular capsule of the hip joint; prevents hip extension and helps maintain posture

hip joint

a ball-and-socket joint that consists of the head of the femur connecting with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle

acetabular femoral joint

a relatively stable joint due to its bony architecture, strong ligaments, and large, supportive muscles

Anterior pelvic rotation

anterior movement of the upper pelvis

superior gluteal nerve

arises from L4, L5, and S1 to innervate the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae

inferior gluteal nerve

arises from L5, S1, and S2 to supply the gluteus maximus

femoral nerve

arises from the posterior division of the lumbar plexus and innervates the anterior muscles of the thigh, including the iliopsoas, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, pectineus, and sartorius

hip joint

classified as an enarthrodial-type joint and is formed by the femoral head inserting into the socket provided by the acetabulum of the pelvis

sciatic nerve

composed of the tibial and common peroneal (fibular) nerves

pelvic girdle

consists of a right and left pelvic bone joined together posteriorly by the sacrum

gluteal region

contains ten muscles that function primarily to extend and rotate the hip

posterior compartment

contains the hamstring muscle group, consisting of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

iliac region

contains the iliopsoas muscle, which flexes the hip

anterior compartment

contains the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and sartorius

medial compartment

contains the thigh muscles primarily responsible for adduction of the hip, which are the adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, pectineus, and gracilis

coccyx

extending inferior from the sacrum

sacrum

extension of the spinal column with five fused vertebrae

acetabular femoral joint

functions in weight bearing and locomotion

os coxae

fused to form one pelvic bone known as the

Pubofemoral ligament

Reinforces the inferior and anterior capsule of the hipjoint; limits excessive extension, abduction, and external rotation

0 to 35

hip abduction ROM

0 to 30

hip adduction ROM

0 to 30

hip extension ROM

0 to 50

hip external rotation ROM

0 to 130

hip flexion ROM

0 to 60

hip horizontal abduction ROM

0 to 40

hip horizontal adduction ROM

0 to 45

hip internal rotation ROM

Left transverse pelvic rotation

in a horizontal plane of motion, rotation of the pelvis to the body's left

Right transverse pelvic rotation

in a horizontal plane of motion, rotation of the pelvis to the body's right

Left lateral pelvic rotation

in the frontal plane, the left pelvis moves inferiorly in relation to the right pelvis

Right lateral pelvic rotation

in the frontal plane, the right pelvis moves inferiorly in relation to the left pelvis

sciatic nerve tibial division

innervates the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long head), and adductor magnus

Hip horizontal adduction

movement of the femur in a horizontal or transverse plane toward the pelvis

Hip abduction

movement of the femur in the frontal plane laterally to the side away from the midline

Hip adduction

movement of the femur in the frontal plane medially toward the midline

Hip extension

movement of the posterior femur from any point toward the posterior pelvis in the sagittal plane

hip

one of the most mobile joints of the body

ilium, ischium, pubis

pelvic bones are made up of three bones

ischium

posterior and lower two-fifths

Posterior pelvic rotation

posterior movement of the upper pelvis

iliofemoral or Y ligament

prevents hip hyperextension

anterior pelvis

serves to provide points of origin for muscles generally involved in flexing the hip

teres ligament

slightly limits adduction

femur

the longest bone in the body

ilium

upper two-fifths

pubis

anterior and lower one-fifth

inguinal ligament

Forms the base of the inguinal canal; site of indirect inguinal hernia may occur; marks the superior border of the femoral triangle and the inferior border of the inguinal triangle; supports the muscle running inferior to its fibers (iliopsoas, pectineus) as well as the femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral nerve

Transverse acetabular ligament

Functions as a tension band between the posteroinferior and anteroinferior aspects of the acetabulum; prevents inferior displacement of head of femur

horizontal or transverse plane

Right transverse (clockwise) pelvic rotation and left transverse (counterclockwise) pelvic rotation occur

Ischiofemoral ligament

Triangular band of strong fibers that reinforce the posterior articular capsule of the hip joint; limits internal rotation

Ligament of head of the femur

Triangular in its origin, contains within it the acetabular branch of the obturator artery to supply the head of and proximal neck of the femur; taut in excessive hip adduction, flexion, and external rotation

symphysis pubis

an amphiarthrodial joint that are formed by joined pelvic bones

sacral plexus

formed by the anterior rami of L4, L5, and S1 through S4

lumbar plexus

formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves L1 through L4 and some fibers from T12

sacroiliac joints

formed by the sacrum which is located between the two pelvic bones

Hip external rotation

lateral rotary movement of the femur in the transverse plane around its longitudinal axis away from the midline; lateral rotation

pubofemoral ligament

limits excessive extension and abduction

triangular ischiofemoral ligament

limits internal rotation

Hip internal rotation

medial rotary movement of the femur in the transverse plane around its longitudinal axis toward the midline; medial rotation

Hip flexion

movement of the anterior femur from any point toward the anterior pelvis in the sagittal plane

Hip diagonal abduction

movement of the femur in a diagonal plane away from the midline of the body

Hip diagonal adduction

movement of the femur in a diagonal plane toward the midline of the body

Hip horizontal abduction

movement of the femur in a horizontal or transverse plane away from the pelvis

lateral or frontal plane

right and left lateral pelvic rotation occur in the

obturator nerve

rises from the anterior division of the lumbar plexus and provides innervation to the hip adductors, such as the adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, and gracilis, as well as the obturator externus