Chapter 8 American History

How did the Civil War begin?

The confederates bombarded the fort until Anderson surrendered

Whites and free African Americans worked with the _____ to help thousands of ___ escape.

Underground Railroad; 3,300

How did the gold rush in California lead to increased sectional divisions in the United States?

Well they needed California to be either a slave state or a free state but they couldn't join the union without having the same amount of slave and free states

What split the Democratic Party in 1860?

a debate over slavery

His execution strengthened _____ in the North but proved to Southerners that Northerners were _____.

abolitionist feeling; actively plotting the murder of slaveholders

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required ____ to help capture fugitives or be ___. Northerners were outraged by this.

any white; brought to a commissioner

The _____ was approved in the ___ but was blocked in the ____. Southern leaders were stunned when ____ did not support them.

constitution; Senate; House; Stephen Douglas

Calhoun believed the South needed an ______, the return of _____, and a guarantee of _____ between the section. If the South could not live in safety within the ____, the only honorable solution was _____.

equal rights in the territories; fugitive slaves; balance of power; states; succession

John Brown planned to seize the ____ at Harpers Ferry to start a rebellion. It ending with ____.

federal arsenal; his capture

When ___ was discovered in ____ in 1848, more than 80,000 ____ moved to the territory, allowing it to apply for ____, as a ____ state. This would upset the balance in the Senate, causing some Southern leaders to talk of ____.

gold; California; Forty niners; statehood; free; secession

Southern leaders agreed to allow Kansas to _____ on the constitution. Kansas voters ____ the Lecompton constitution. As a result, Kansas did not become a state until ____.

hold another constitutional referendum; rejected; 1861

The resulting constitution, called the ___ in the territory. At they referendums, antislavery forces ____ the constitution while proslavery forces ___ the constitution.

legalized; voted it down; approved

When Kansas applied for statehood, ____ legislators scheduled an election for delegates to a ___ but ____ it.

pro-slavery; constitutional convention; antislavery Kansans boycotted

In a debate about allowing slavery in the territories, Stephen Douglas argued that people could keep slavery out by ____ was called the ____.

refusing to pass laws; Freeport Doctrine

Stephen Douglas wanted to open the northern Great Plains for _____. He proposed to undo ____.

settlement; Missouri Compromise

A coalition of former Whigs, ___ members, and antislavery ___ formed the ____. In the election of 1856, the Democratic candidate, ____ won.

slavery Southern; Northern; the Kansas-Nebraska Act; Buchanan

Stephen Douglas divided the compromise into ____, which allowed senators to ____ parts they disliked while supporting the rest.

smaller bills; vote against

The Mexican War increased ____. One solution proposed that _____ in territories gained from Mexico. Another proposed solution was ____, allowing citizens of the territory to decide the matter.

tension between the North and the South; "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist"; popular sovereignty

How did secession affect both sides?

the South met and established a construction while the north tried to save the union

What effect did Lincoln's election have on the South?

there was no choice now but to secede

Why did Lincoln impose martial law in the border state of Maryland?

to prevent Maryland from seceding

Why did Southerners blame Republicans for John Brown's raid?

Because they both opposed slavery

When the Supreme Court ruled on the ____ case, it said that the U.S. government could not ____.

Dred Scott; prohibit slavery in the territories

Why did Jefferson Davis decide to capture Fort Sumter?

He didn't want to leave troops in Charleston Harbor

How did the election of Abraham Lincoln lead to the Civil War?

He had wanted to get rid of slavery

Senator _____ of Kentucky put forth ___ to solve the crisis. These would need the approval of Senator ___, who felt Northern agitation against slavery would _____.

Henry Clay; a compromise; Calhoun; destroy the South

As the election of 1860 loomed, how important was the issue of slavery?

It became extremely important because it was tearing out country apart and was the major topic for a decade

What effects did the split in the Democratic Party have?

It improve the Republicans' chances to win the election

Douglas proposed dividing the region into the territories of ___ and ___. Despite opposition, the bill was passed in the year _____.

Nebraska; Kansas; May 1854