Chapter 8 Appendicular Skeleton

What bones makes up the pectoral girdle?

Scapula and clavicle

Intertubercular sulcus

A groove that separates the lesser and greater tubercle. Guides the tendon of the biceps muscle to its point of attachment

Capitulum

A lateral condole that articulates with the radius of the forearm

Trochlea

A medial condlye that articulates with the ulna

Glenoid cavity

A shallow socket that received the head of the humerus Located in the blunted lateral angle

Clavicle

AKA Collar bone lies horizontally in the superior and anterior part of the thorax superior to the first rib and articulates with the sternum and the acromion

Tibia

AKA Shinbone larger and more medial of the two leg bones

how can you tell a left vs right fibula

If the lateral malleolus is facing laterally

Where is the head of the ulna located?

It is located on the slimmer distal end

What is the pelvic girdles function?

It provides a strong and stable support for the lower extremities, on which the weight of the body is carried

Radial Fossa

Lateral to the coronoid fossa, receives the head of the radius when the elbow is flexed

Radius

Located on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm Discs shape head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus. Radial tuberosity- point of attachment for the tendon of the bicep muscle of the arm.

Ulna

Located on the medial aspect of the forearm Its medial end bears the anterior coronoid process and the posterior olecranon, which are separated by the trochlear notch

What are the bones of the upper limbs?

Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, and phalanges

sacroilliac joint

a joint that forms the sacrum and illiac bone together

pubic symphysis

a joint where the two pubis of the two coxal bones meet.

Tibial tuberosity

a roughened protrusion on the anterior tibial surface the site of attachment of the patellar ligament.

Patella

a triangular sesamoid bone enclosed in the quadriceps tendon that secures the anterior thigh muscles to the tibia.

medial malleolus

forms the inner (medial) bulge of the ankle

lateral malleolus

forms the outer part or lateral bulge of the ankle

how can you tell a left vs right tibia

if the medial malleolus is facing medially

Fovea capitis

located on the head of the femur a small central pit, from which a small ligament runs to the acetabulum

Ulnar styloid process

located on the head of the ulna, serves as a point of attachment for the ligaments of the wrist.

Radial notch

located on the lateral side of the coronoid process, articulates with the head of the radius.

anterior border

or the anterior crest the anterior surface of the tibia bears a sharpened ridge that is relatively unprotected by muscles easily felt on your shin

the coxal bones unite posteriorly at a joint called the what?

sacroiliac joint

Ischium

the "sit down" bone forming the most inferior and posterior portion of the coxae

Deltoid tuberosity

Where the large fleshy shoulder muscle, the deltoid, attaches.

What bones make up the leg?

The tibia and fibia

Scapula

AKA Shoulder blade, articulates with the clavicle and the humerus Articulates w/ other bones anteriorly but are held in place posteriorly only by complex shoulder and back musculature.

Manus

AKA The Hand includes 3 groups of bones carpus (wrist), metacarpals (palm bones), and the phalanges (fingers)

Carpus

AKA the wrist consists of 8 bones Arranged in 2 irregular rows of four bones each

Medial epicondyle

Aka the funny bone Ulnar nerve runs in a groove beneath causing the sensation

Coronoid fossa

Allow the corresponding process of the ulna to move freely when the elbow is flexed and extended

Olecranon fossa

Allow the corresponding process of the ulna to move freely when the elbow is flexed and extended

Function of the shoulder girdle

Allows the upper limb a degree of mobility not seen anywhere else in the body As a result of: Sternoclavicular joints Relative looseness of the scapular attachment allows it to slide back and forth against the thorax with muscular cavity Glenoid cavity is shallow and does little to stabilize the shoulder joint However, the more mobile a joint the less stable and prone to dislocation , and fracture

Suprascapular notch

At the base of the coracoid process allows nerves to pass. The scapula has no direct attachment to the axial skeleton but it is loosely held in place by trunk muscles.

What is the function of the pectoral girdle?

Attached the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

ulnar notch

Distally, reveals where the radius articulates with the end of the ulna

The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?

Fibula

What are the two prominences of the humerus?

Greater and lesser tubercle

Radial groove

Near the deltoid tuberosity, runs obliquely. A pathway for the radial nerve

Metacarpals

Numbered I-V from the thumb side (1) to the little finger (V) base of metacarpals articulate with the carpals of the wrist

Finger bones

Numbered just like the metacarpals 14 of them Each finger contains 3 phalanges proximal, middle, and distal. except the thumb which only has two. proximal and distal

Inferior angle

Provided a landmark for listening to lung sounds.

What are the sight of muscle attachment of the femur?

THe trochanters, trochanteric crest, gluteal tuberosity and the linea aspera

What parts of the ulna grip the humerus?

The coronoid process and the olecranon of the ulna grip the the trochlea of the humerus to form elbow

What part of the hip would an obstetrician measure to ensure safe child birth?

The dimensions of the true pelvis

Male vs female pelvis

The female pelvis is: wider, shallower, lighter, and rounder than that of the male. coccyx is more flexable pubic arch of a female is more than 90 degrees This is to assists in childbearing

Each coxal bone is a result of the fusion of what 3 bones?

The ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Ilium

The largest of the 3 components of the hip bone. Connects posteriorly via its auricular surface with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint.

Humerus

The longest and largest bone of the upper limb It articulates proximal with the scapula and dismally at the elbow with both the radius and ulna

What bones make up the knee joint?

The medial and lateral condyles of the tibia and the distal end of the femur.

What is the weakest part of the femur?

The neck, and it is a common sight for fracture.

What does the pelvic girdle consists of?

The pelvic girdle consists of two hip bones (coxal bones) and the sacrum. In contrast to the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle is heavy and and massive, and attaches securely to the axial skeleton. Ability to bear weight is more important here than flexibility.

What bones make the forearm?

The radius and the ulna compose the skeleton of the forearm, or antebrachium.

Acromion

This part of the scapula connect is with the clavicle

Coracoid process

This part of the scapula points anteriorly over the tip of the shoulder joint and serves as an attachment point for some of the upper limb muscles.

How does the skeletal system contribute to homeostasis

Through red bone marrow there is the production of blood cells. Yellow bone marrow is the storage of triglycerides for storage Bone also acts as a storage for calcium and other minerals essential for regulating homeostasis i.e. cell signaling, blood clotting, muscle contraction and nerve function

Tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

aka the foot 7 tarsal bones constitute the ankle and share the weight associated with walking 5 metatarsal bones are contained in the foot 14 bones of phalanges in the foot organized similarly to the hand

Femur

aka the thigh the largest, heaviest, and strongest bone of the body. Articulates with the hip bone and the tibia but NOT the fibula

less sciatic notch

allows nerves and blood vessels to pass

greater sciatic notch

allows nerves and blood vessels to pass through and from the thigh. especially where the sciatic nerve passes

the coxal bones unite anteriorly at a joint called the what?

pubic symphysis

true pelvis

the bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim it has an inlet an outlet and a cavity its dimensions are very important when considering childbirth.

Acetabulum

the deep hemispherical socket that receives the head of the femur. Here the 3 bones of the coxa meet.

pubis

the most anterior and inferior part of the hip bone.

Ischial tuberosity

the most outstanding marking of the ischium

radial tuberosity

the point of attachment for the tendon of the biceps muscle of the arm

False pelvis

the portion superior to the arcuate line( pelvic brim) it contains no pelvic organs except the urinary bladder(when full) and the uterus during pregnancy

iliac crest

the superior margin of the iliac bone it is rough when you rest your hands on your hips you are palpating your iliac crests

Interosseous membrane

what hold together the fibula and tibia in between

posterior superior spine

where the ilia crest terminates posteriorly

anterior superior spine

where the iliac crest terminates anteriorly