Chapter 8 Concept Checks

______________ is the most abundant mineral in the body.

Calcium

________________ is valued in the diet because of its ability to inhibit the development of dental caries in children and adults.

Fluoride

What is the consequence of iodine deficiency during pregnancy? a. cretinism in newborn b. brittle bones c. anemia d. goiter

a. cretinism in newborn

All the following inhibit iron absorption EXCEPT: a. vitamin C. b. tannins and fibers. c. calcium and phosphorus. d. tea and coffee.

a. vitamin C.

A ______________ is a compound that causes increased urinary water excretion.

diuretic

Sodium attracts _______, causing an increase in blood volume and an increase in blood pressure.

water

The mineral ____________ is responsible for the stomach's acidity.

chloride

What percent of U.S adults aged 50 years and older have low bone mass, a condition called osteopenia? a. almost a quarter (25 percent) b. almost half (50 percent) c. almost three-fourth (75 percent) d. almost everyone (100 percent)

b. almost half (50 percent)

Cup for cup, which of the following plant foods in their cooked form has the highest amount of calcium? a. broccoli b. kale c. Bok choy d. turnip greens

b. kale

Among the following factors, which one is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis? a. older age b. sedentary lifestyle c. African American heritage d. low body weight

c. African American heritage

Excess hydrogen ions in a solution make it acidic, which means they ___________ the pH. a. do not change b. raise c. lower d. stabilize

c. lower

The DRI committee recommends that the reference man needs about 13 cups of fluids a day in addition to a normal diet and the reference woman needs about 9 cups. On average, most people in the United States consume close to these amounts EXCEPT for _____________ a. teens. b. toddlers. c. older adults. d. 30-45-year-old adults.

c. older adults.