Chapter 8-Confederation
Why is John A. Macdonald so important?
He represents Canada East. With a minority, with a different language, nationality, and religion. There laws and rights was being threaten. People are losing their individuality. Macdonald wanted was against this. He wanted everyone to have their own laws and rights.
Why is Etienne-Paschal Tache so important?
Confederation depended on cooperation between leaders in Canada East and West- a cooperation Tache endorsed. In 1864, Tache helped forage, and then led, the alliance with John A. Macdonald- the "Great Coalition"- that became central to the success of Confederation.
What does Confederation mean?
Confederation was an agreement among some of the colonies of British North America to join together. It established rules about Canadian society. These rules establish equality in Canada for French. These rules also exclude First Nations people as citizens of Canada.
What does federal mean?
Having/relating something to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs.
What does provincial mean?
A government that is only in power in it's colony.
What does Anglophone mean?
A person whose first language is English.
What does mercantilism mean?
A regulated economic system that made a country rich from it's colonies.
What does representation by population (rep by pop) mean?
An amount of seats a colony gets due to the population.
What were the key issues?
-Political Deadlock: Political deadlock is when an equally powerful players in a decison-making process can't agree on a course of action. -Canadiens rights: Canadiens had protected their language and religion, despite the aim of the Act of Union to assimilate them. They needed a guarantee that any new political arrangement would recognize and respect their rights. -Independence for religion: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island were British colonies, but they governed themselves. They worried that they would lose their independence character by joining with Canada East and Canada West. They had small populations compared to the Canadas. -American Annexation: British North America is worried about "American annexation", they don't want to be taken over by United States. -Western Expansion: By 1860's,m immigrants to Canada West had developed nearly all the good farmland. George Brown advocated expanding west, into Rupert's Land, and worried about American ambitions to claim Ruperts' land. -Trade Challenges: Until 1846, Britain regulated the economy of British North America. Under the rules of mercantilism, Britain's colonies supplied Britain with raw resources at a price that Britain set. Britain then used these resources to produce manufactured goods.
Why is Georges-Etieene Cartier so important?
He supported political change, but he did not want Canda to become a republic like the U.S. He advocated powers for provinces within Confederation that would ensure the continuation of the French language and Catholic religion in Canada. The Catholic Church continued to play an influential role in the politics of Canada East- a role that Cartier supported. Catholic people generally consulted the clergy before making important decisions.
Which two founding nations did Confederation recognize?
In 1982, Canada Aboriginal people that stood out were Inuit and the Métis peoples successfully lobbied for recognition of their rights and identity in Canada's constitution.
Which colonies joined Confederation at a later date? Why did they eventually join?
Manitoba joined in 1870, British Columba joined in 1871, PEI joined in 1873, Alberta and Saskatchewan joined in 1905, Newfoundland joined in 1949.
Which colonies were involved in the confederation debates? Which ones in 1867? Which ones decided to join?
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Manitoba, and Prince Edward Island were a part of the confederation debate. Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia joined the Confederation when P.E.I and Manitoba didn't join.
What does annexation mean?
Takeover of a territory by another country.
What did the B.N.A Act create when it came to the division of powers?
The B.N.A Act gave the federal government the power to make laws for the "peace, order and good government" of Canada. -The Act created a division of power between the federal government and the provincial governments. -The act established French and English as languages of Canada's perliment.
Who was excluded from te B.N.A Act and therefore had no voting rights?
The First Nations, they had a choice, if they wanted to vote, they would have to give up their culture and change their religion then there allowed to vote. If not, they can't vote.
What does political deadlock mean?
The inability to decide on a course of action because of disagreement among equally powerful decision makers.
What convinced the Maritimes to join Confederation?
The leaders of Canada East and West offered the Maritime economic being it's to join the Confederation. Concerned about the future, many people in the Maritimes thought the offer made sense.
Where did the idea of joining colonies together originate?
The people of British North America decided the want some alliances in case a war broke out. They made a Confederation trying to get the colonies of British North America to join, able to give them an alliance.
How did The Fathers of Confederation solve some of these issues?
They promised what they could, such as, Giving rights to all colonies, giving an odd number of seats per colony. They all sat down talking a solution and trying to give the best they could.
What does British North America mean?
When Britain took land, of what we call today Canada, claimed it there's and made different British colonies inside it.