Chapter 8- connect assignment questions
Which of these are major criticisms of Kohlberg's theory?
-He does not adequately acknowledge how some people's moral views are shaped by concern for others, not for individual rights, -He does not distinguish between moral reasoning and moral behavior, -He does not adequately account for the role of culture in shaping morality.
What do psychologists mean when they talk about resilience?
A person's ability to adapt to challenges or recover from difficulty
Which of the following statements are true with respect to Piaget's theory of schemas?
A schema organizes information, A schema assists us in making sense of experience.
Who theorized that there were eight psychosocial stages of development from infancy through late adulthood?
Erik Erikson
Which of the following are examples of "nature" influences?
Eye color Family history of hair loss
Developmental psychologists view development as occurring only during infancy and childhood.
False
Which of the following are examples of cognition?
Imagining a future occupation, Solving problems, Being able to speak and understand words
Which of the following represent the influence of gender roles?
In a particular culture females are expected to take care of the house and children, A young child assigned male at birth goes to school wearing a pink shirt and his classmates ask him why, Prior to World War II males in the United States were considered the breadwinners
According to critics, which of the following are not adequately addressed by Kohlberg's theory?
Interpersonal relationships, Moral behavior, The influence of culture.
Which statements about development in adulthood are true?
Piaget's concept of accommodation can help us understand how people make sense of changes in their lives, Development in adulthood may mean maintaining an openness to change and to being changed by experience.
Which of the following changes are typical of puberty?
Rapid skeletal growth, Hormonal changes, Changes in the brain
A person is born with some serious physical problems but perseveres throughout development and chooses environmental reinforcers that allow them to construct a unique developmental path. Which of the following best describes this process?
This person demonstrates the active and interactive role of genetic inheritance and the environment.
Physical, cognitive, and socioemotional process all influence the development of gender.
True
Bonanno's theory of grieving identifies four different patterns. Which of the following is NOT one of those patterns?
acceptance
A person's role in their own development is best characterized as
active
Which of the following are examples of teratogens?
alcohol, heroin, German measles
Which of the following is the best example of "nature" in the context of the influence of nature versus nurture?
biological inheritance
What type of development is characterized by improved capacity to process information and understand the world due to advancing age and experience?
cognitive development
In ______ designs, a number of people are assessed at one point in time.
cross-sectional
In a research study, Dr. Lopez asks people ages 20, 40, and 60 about their levels of happiness. This research is best described as which of the following?
cross-sectional
According to anthropologist Ernest Becker, our _____ may shield us from the terror of our own mortality.
culture
According to anthropologist Ernest Becker, people's __________ may provide the customary beliefs, practices, religious rules, and social order for their experience of mortality. Therefore, being a part of this shields us from the terror of our own mortality.
culture
What is the cause of the hot flashes associated with menopause?
decreased estrogen
______ refers to the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout the course of life.
development
The social and psychological aspects of one's experience as male, female, both, or neither is referred to as __________.
gender
The term _________ schema is used to describe a mental framework for understanding what gender means in one's culture.
gender
Matteo, aged 9, and Max, aged 8, are playing with trucks. Fatima, aged 8, wants to play. "Trucks are for boys!" Matteo shouts. This best illustrates which of the following?
gender schema
A child who inherits an X chromosome from the mother and an X chromosome from the father will be
genetically female
A child who inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the father will be
genetically male
In the context of the John/Joan case. when one twin's penis was irreversibly damaged in a medical procedure, John Money, a sex researcher persuaded the child's parents to raise the child as a:
girl, trusting socialization to establish a female identity for the infant
A female who has stopped menstruating and experiences a dramatic drop in estrogen production is going through what process?
menopause
_____ development consists of changes with age in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the principles and values that guide people as they interact with others.
moral
__________ development consists of changes with age in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the principles and values that guide people as they interact with others.
moral
Rewarding and punishing nonconforming gender behaviors in childhood is most strictly enforced by
peers
Select the three domains of development.
physical, cognitive, socioemotional
What are the three domains of development?
physical, cognitive, socioemotional
Four-year-old Sam is asked if it's acceptable to take another child's toy. Sam replies, "No, because Mom will get mad." By focusing only on the threat of punishment and not on the other child's rights or general rules about playing with others, Sam shows that he is in Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development.
preconventional
Dr. Salzano is showing infants pictures of their parents and of strangers. He wants to know if the babies will consistently look at their parents rather than look at the two pictures equally. Dr. Salzano is using the _____ technique.
preferential looking
The technical term for behaving in a way that is intended to benefit others is __________ behavior.
prosocial
When behavior is intended to benefit others, psychologists refer to it as _____ behavior.
prosocial
Erikson wanted to emphasize how a developing person's psychological life is embedded in and shaped by social relationships and challenges, which is why he identifies the stages in his theory as
psychosocial
__________ is a period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in adolescence.
puberty
A person's ability to adapt to or recover from difficult circumstances is known as
resilience
Bonanno's theory of grieving identifies four different patterns. Select all four.
resilience, recovery, chronic dysfunction, delayed grief or trauma
According to Piaget, a(n) ________ is a concept or framework that exists in a person's mind and that organizes information and provides a framework for interpreting the information.
schema
John Money, a well-known sex researcher, believed that _____ was the main determinant of gender.
socialization
Which of the following refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding?
temperament
__________ refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding.
temperament
Alcohol, viruses, and nicotine are all categorized as ________ because they can cause birth defects when a fetus is exposed to them.
teratogens
Development refers to the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs
throughout life
Dr. Abramowitz is a psychological researcher studying infants. She shows infants cards with shapes in different colors, records the amount of time they spend looking at each card, and uses the information to determine whether infants can distinguish among objects. Dr. Abramowitz's research can best be described as
using the preferential looking technique
What is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life called?
wisdom
__________ is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life.
wisdom
