Chapter 8. Emotion

Kanae feels great joy upon arriving at the zoo with her mother. She becomes angry when she discovers that the panda exhibit is closed, then feels embarrassed at her anger because there are still many other animals to see. Her mother buys her a banana-flavored popsicle, and she eats it even though it isn't her favorite flavor. She is surprised to find that a new bear exhibit has opened, and she is awed by the size of the Kodiak bear; she has never seen anything like it.

",,,feels embarrassed"

Isae is in a competitive academic program. Later that day, she finds out that her aunt has unexpectedly died and she goes through a period of denial about the loss. Isae's friend Matilda suggests that she join a new social group. Isae cannot because she has deep fear of making a bad impression. {Highlight the expression of social anxiety}

",,,has deep fear of making a bad impression.

Depression is

*Not always clearly associated with a particular cause or event. * A medically diagnosed physical illness. * A long-term condition

Primary emotions are so named because they are

*Not combinations of other emotions. *Distinct emotional experiences.

People who are unable to control their anger may suffer from which of the following physical effects?

*Weakened immune system *Decreased ability to heal from wounds

Which of the following statements have consistently been proven accurate by a large number of studies?

*Women are more likely than men to express joyful/affectionate emotions. * Women are more likely than men to express sad/anxious emotions.

The behavioral component of emotion is illustrated through specific _______, such as self-protection in response to fear.

Action tendencies

The emotional process of dealing with a profound loss is known as ________.

Grief

A positive overall evaluation of another person is known as __________.

Liking

some forms of love are accompanied by ______. an emotion that combines joy, surprise, excitement, and attraction.

Passion

Grief is best described as a(n)

Process

Why are the meta-emotions important?

They help you understand your own emotions.

Emotions affect the mind as well as the body, so paying attention to your _____ can help you clarify your emotional experiences.

thoughts

What aspect of personality relates to how pleasant, accommodating, and cooperative you are?

Agreeableness

_______ is a personality trait that is characterized by a relative inability to understand, process, and describe emotions.

Alexithymia

Which of the following is the best way to deal with emotions?

Balance

Emotions have a strong ________ component, thus motivating people to take specific actions in response to them.

Behavioral

The feeling of revulsion a person experiences when confronted with something he or she finds offensive or repellent is known as

Disgust

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies mood?

Sasha felt sad for no particular reason.

Jealousy is an example of a(n) ________ emotion meaning it is a combination of three other primary emotions.

Secondary

Listening to your body is a helpful technique for identifying emotions because

Specific emotions cause specific physiological responses.

What common effect do happiness, love, passion, and liking have on interpersonal communication?

They motivate us to seek the company of others.

Graciela is new student who wears very expensive clothing. Nina wishes she had similar clothes. When Graciela tries to make friends, Nina thinks her social skills are pathetic. Graciela also laughs very loudly, and Nina finds the noise so offensive that she avoids sitting near Graciela. When Graciela takes Nina's usual chair in class, Nina feels she has been cheated by Graciela.

",,,Avoids sitting near"

Karen and Fumi return from a friend's party. "Why didn't you talk to me all night?" asks Karen. "Because you made me feel smothered," says Fumi. "You don't have any reason to feel that way," says Karen. "Nobody else thought I was being clingy." "Well, you were," says Fumi. "And I felt upset when you took the last piece of pizza." "You shouldn't feel that way," Karen replies, "We could have ordered more." {Find the statement in which the speaker owns their thoughts or feeling}

",,,I felt upset when you took"

Mario arrives at a friend's house to find him watching football, which he hates. He suppresses his annoyance so that his friend won't know and takes a soda from the fridge. When his friend's team scores, Mario cheers even though he doesn't care at all. When the game is over, his friend suggests that they play a video game. Mario is elated, but simply agrees that a video game sounds good. {Find the example of a simulation display rule}

",,,Mario cheers

Saida sits on the couch watching her favorite soccer team play on TV. She eats popcorn, her usual favorite, and scratches her dog's neck. Her team wins at the last second, which makes her deliciously happy. She calls her friend to talk about the win. {Find Action tendency}

",,,She calls her friend."

Which of the following accurately characterizes the results of significant studies on gender and emotional experience and expression?

* Masculine women and feminine men tend to experience more positive emotions. *Men and women tend to experience most emotions with equal intensity. *Masculine people are more likely to express affection.

Identify the basic hostile emotions.

*Anger *Contempt *Disgust *Jealousy *Envy

We refer to emotions as multidimensional because every emotion has several components, including the

*Cultural *Physiological *Social *Behavioral *Cognitive

Which of the following describe extroverted people?

*Focused on the positive *Enthusiastic

Which of the following statements about happiness are accurate?

*Happiness begins as an individual experience *When we are happy we tend to want to share our joy

What variables make each emotional experience distinctive?

*Intensity *Valence

People express contempt by ________ others.

*Mocking or belittling *Making fun of *Verbally putting down

Which of the following statements, regarding the findings of studies on emotional intelligence and emotional expression, is NOT accurate?

A large number of studies show a link between emotional intelligence and emotional expressiveness.

Freyja has a flat tire on a lonely road and feels a burst of anger at the bad luck. She takes a moment and decided that this might be an opportunity, saying aloud, "This will give me a chance to practice my tire-changing skills." Freyja has employed

A reframing technique

What do all the hostile emotions (anger, contempt, disgust, jealousy, and envy) have in common?

All are normal aspect of the human experience.

Fear triggers physical changes that are largely controlled by a cluster of neurons in the brain known as the _______.

Amygdala

The emotion of ________ is a response to the perception that one has been wronged in some way.

Anger

The consistency of findings across cultures suggests that some of the differences between males and females in terms of emotional experience have a ______ cause.

Biological

Members of the military ________ are usually discouraged from expressing their emotions openly. This helps explain why many combat veterans refuse treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder.

Co-culture

In ______ cultures such as that of India, people are typically discouraged from expressing negative emotions toward members of their own culture, but are often encouraged to express such emotions toward members of other cultures, whereas in _______ cultures such as that of the United States, the reverse is true.

Collectivistic; individualistic

The tendency to mimic other people's experiences and expressions is known as emotional

Contagion

The fact that people around the world experience and express primary emotions similarly suggest that those emotions are not strongly influenced by

Culture

You are furious at your son for breaking curfew. When he comes home with all of his friends, you nicely express your displeasure and ask his friends to leave. What display rule are you exhibiting?

De-intensification

The body responds to emotions in a way that allows it first to ______, and then to ______.

Deal with that emotion; restore itself to a balanced state

In what stage of the grieving process do people pretend the loss didn't occur and that everything is fine?

Denial

People sometimes confuse ______, along-term condition involving excessive fatigue and other physical symptoms, as well as feeling of worthlessness and thoughts of suicide or death, with _______, a normal and relatively short-lived response to loss.

Depression and Sadness

Which emotion is not a component of jealousy?

Disgust (COMPONENT: *anger, *Sadness, *fear)

Researcher define ________ as the body's multidimensional response to any event that enhances or inhibits a person's goals.

Emotion

Shawaldi has an interview at 8:00am, and anticipation makes her nervous. After the interview, she is offered the job. She's elated, but for the rest of the day and through the next she feels unhappy and doesn't understand why. Shawadi's nervousness represents a(n) )_________ and her persistent unhappiness represents a(n) _________.

Emotion; Mood

The process of changing how one thinks about that gave rise to a particular emotion, in order to diminish the effect of that emotion, is known as

Emotional Reappraisal

A person's ability to perceive and understand emotions, use emotions to facilitate thought, and manage emotions constructively is known as

Emotional intelligence

The process of changing how one thinks about the situation that gave rise to a particular emotion, in order to diminish the effect of that emotion, is known as

Emotional reappraisal

Even though it is commonly assumed that computer-mediated communication inhibits our ability to _____ and ____ the emotional experiences of our partners, at least one study, involving a 15-minute Instant Messenger conversation, shows that this is not the case.

Empathize; Mimic

When we want what another person has we experience ________.

Envy

True or False: Depression is am extreme form of sadness.

False

Because of the perceived danger of falling, Jean does not like heights. What emotion most likely cause Jean's dislike of high places.

Fear

Taking stock of the situation can help you identify which emotion you are experiencing by helping you to understand what might be interfering with your

Goals

What is the most universally recognized human emotion?

Happiness

Match the descriptions to the correct types of emotions.

Happiness: Universally recognizable, it involves contentment and cheer and is very transferrable Love: It involves a deep emotional commitment to another person. Passion: It is a secondary emotion that involves joy and surprise and often has a physical component. Liking: It results from a positive evaluation of another person but doesn't necessarily involve a deep commitment.

Based on the findings of studies devoted to the subject, which of the following statement is NOT correct with regard to emotional expression by people who are highly masculine, highly feminine, or androgynous (possessing both masculine and feminine traits)?

Highly masculine people are more expressive than androgynous people when it comes to hostility and anger.

When you are not picked for the school soccer team, you are cursed but act totally indifferent, telling your friends, "It's not big deal. I have too much going on anyway." What display rule are you exhibiting?

Inhibition

You are at a football game with your new friend. Despite only caring mildly about football, you act overjoyed at her favorite team's win. What display rule are you exhibiting?

Intensification

Match each display rule with its definition.

Intensification: *Pretending to feel emotions more intensely than you really do. De-intensification: *Pretending to feel emotions less intensely that you really do. Simulation: *Acting as though you are experiencing a particular emotion when you are not. Inhibition: *Acting as though you are not feeling a particular emotion when you are not Masking: Expressing one emotion when you are actually experiencing a completely different one.

Anxiety, worry, and terror are all forms of the same emotion--fear---that differ from one another in their

Intensity

Which of the following statements regarding emotions and actions is not accurate?

It is best to think of emotions and actions as though there were no relationship between them.

How is disgust relevant to interpersonal communication?

It motivated us to avoid certain people

At a part, Tara sees her boyfriend flirting with another girl. Which of the following likely describes the emotion she feels?

Jealousy

Though it is often confused with ______, which occurs when we feel that a relationship is threatened, the emotion of _________ involves the desire for something that another person has.

Jealousy; Envy

Place the specific emotions into one of the three categories of emotions.

Joyful/Affectionate Emotions: -Passion -Love -Liking -Happiness Hostile Emotions: -Anger -Jealousy -Envy -Disgust -Contempt Sad/Anxious Emotions: -Social anxiety -Grief -Fear -Depression -Sadness

When a person experiences a primary emotion, the body's ________ system, which coordinates how the brain and nervous system regulate emotion and motivation, is actively engaged.

Limbic

The emotion of caring for, feeling attached to, and feeling deeply committed to someone is known as ________.

Love

You are with your friends skiing and you get to the top of a very steep trail. You are incredibly scared to ski down but act excited and high-five your friends. What display rule are you exhibiting?

Masking

You are with your friends skiing and you get to the top of a very steep trail. You are incredibly scared to ski down but act high-five your friends. What display rule are you exhibiting?

Masking

Which of the following is NOT a significant finding in one or more important studies on sex differences in jealousy?

Men and women tend to follow predicate patterns with regard to how they imagine and recall sexual and emotional infidelity.

Jamie tends to think negative thoughts about herself. Which of the following is the best way to describe her?

Neurotic

Two of the most common causes of sadness are the loss of a _______ and the termination of a _______.

Person; Relationship

Even though the emotions of fear and passion may have very similar ______ effects, the strong _______ component of emotion helps the brain to place a "label" on what we are feeling.

Physical; Cognitive

Alba brings Noni a freshly baked pie, and Noni feels gratitude for the gift. Noni's emotion has a _________ valence.

Positive

Place the descriptions under the appropriate emotional form.

Primary Emotions: *Distinct emotional experiences *Influenced by the body's biological structures *Expressed the same way across cultures Secondary Emotions: *Jealousy, remorse, contempt, and awe are examples. *Combination of other emotions.

Listening to your thoughts can help you identify emotions by

Revealing what actions you imagine taking in response to a particular situation.

Several studies find that in personal relationships, men are more likely to experience ________ jealousy, and women to feel _______ jealousy, as a response to their partner's interactions or potential interactions with third parties.

Sexual; emotional

The fact that most Americans consider eating rats disgusting, whereas people in other countries might consider them a tasty main course, illustrates the

Social and cultural component of emotion.

It is normal to feat that one might not make a good impression on others in specific situations, but ________ ________ _______ is a chronic mental condition that interferes with daily life.

Social anxiety disorder

What is called when you try to identify which emotion you are feeling by considering what might be interfering with your goals?

Taking stock

True or false: Thinking about how your body is reacting to a particular situation may help you determine which emotion you are experiencing.

True

What is the most effective way to express emotion in a text-based format, like text message or email?

Using emoticons and emoji

What variable make each emotional experience distinctive?

Valence, Intensity

More than 250 years ago, the French political thinker Charles de second Montesquieu proposed that people who lived in ________ tended to be more emotionally expressive than those who lived in ______. This hypothesis on geography and emotion has been proven correct by contemporary research.

Warm climates; Cold climates