Chapter 8 emt, eemt
Which of the following medical history questions would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation?
"Does your mother have diabetes?"
Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?
"How much Tylenol do you take each day?"
Which of the following patient responses would establish the "E" in the SAMPLE history?
"I was mowing the lawn when the pain began."
Which of the following questions is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?
"What seems to be the matter?"
Wheezing
- expiratory sound - lower airway
An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on
. airway, breathing, and circulation
When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that
. any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value
Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?
. avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously.
A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being:
. diaphoretic
The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg, while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg.
104, 40
An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between:
12 and 20 breaths/min.
The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from:
12 to 20 breaths per minute.
During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least ________ times
2
During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least ________ times.
2
When you assess capillary refill time (CRT) in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within:
2 seconds
When you assess capillary refill time (CRT) in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within:
2 seconds.
The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi).
2,000
Normal respiratory rates should not exceed _______ breaths per minute in children and _______ breaths per minute in infants.
30/50
When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than:
300 mm Hg
At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to:
44%.
An unstable patient should be reassessed at least every:
5 minutes
What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?
5,600 mL
An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:
500 psi.
You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving?
55%
After ___________ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is very likely.
6 to 10
The full-body scan of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:
60 to 90 seconds
The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:
60 to 90 seconds
The full-body scan of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:
60-90 seconds
With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to ______% inspired oxygen.
90
In which of the following situations is a pertinent negative identified?
A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath
Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?
A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis.
Which of the following medical history questions would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation? A. "Does your mother have diabetes?" B. "Has this ever happened to you before?" C. "Does the pain stay in your chest?" D. "Are there medications that you cannot take?
A. "Does your mother have diabetes?"
When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than:
A. 100 mm Hg. B. 200 mm Hg. C. 400 mm Hg. D. 300 mm Hg. Correct
You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving?
A. 75% B. 55% Correct C. 65% D. 45%
In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway?
A. A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed Correct B. A 24-year-old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree C. A 45-year-old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet D. A 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma
Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position?
A. A 40-year-old conscious female with a possible neck injury and regular respirations B. A 24-year-old unconscious female who overdosed and has a reduced tidal volume C. A 19-year-old conscious male with a closed head injury and normal respirations D. A 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing Correct
Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?
A. A conscious female with facial cyanosis and rapid, shallow respirations B. A conscious male with respirations of 18 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume C. A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin Correct D. An unconscious 52-year-old female with snoring respirations and cool, pale skin
Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct?
A. A patient with slow respirations and adequate depth will experience an increase in minute volume. B. Patients with a grossly irregular breathing pattern usually do not require assisted ventilation. C. The single most reliable sign of breathing adequacy in the adult is his or her respiratory rate. D. Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate. Correct
What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?
A. Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange. Correct B. Air is forcefully drawn into the lungs due to the negative pressure created by the rapid respirations. C. Minute volume increases because of a marked increase in both tidal volume and respiratory rate. D. The majority of tidal volume reaches the lungs and diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?
A. Bronchus Correct B. Larynx C. Oropharynx D. Pharynx
As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be? A. Control the bleeding. B. Open the airway. C. Check for a pulse. D. Administer oxygen.
A. Control the bleeding.
Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-valve mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse?
A. Decreased compliance when squeezing the bag B. Consistently increasing heart rate C. Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag Correct D. Twenty breaths/min being delivered to the adult
How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?
A. It decreases intrathoracic pressure, which allows more room for lung expansion. B. It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane. Correct C. It prevents alveolar collapse by pushing air into the lungs during inhalation. D. It pushes thick, infected pulmonary secretions into isolated areas of the lung.
Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct?
A. Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire. Correct B. Oxygen is flammable and may explode if under high pressure. C. Oxygen is most safely administered in an enclosed environment. D. Oxygen cylinders must always remain in an upright position.
A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?
A. Severe pulmonary edema B. His extremities are cold C. Increased body temperature D. Carbon monoxide poisoning Correct
Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct?
A. The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries. B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries. Correct C. The oxygen content in the alveoli is highest during the exhalation phase. D. Blood that returns to the lungs from the body has low levels of carbon dioxide.
Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:
A. agonal respirations. B. ataxic respirations. C. eupneic respirations. D. Cheyne-Stokes respirations. Correct
The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it:
A. can effectively stabilize fractured nasal bones if it is inserted properly. B. effectively maintains the airway of a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest. C. can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex. Correct D. is generally well tolerated in conscious patients with an intact gag reflex.
When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: A. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting. B. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause an unusually fast heart rate. C. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume. D. the older patient's central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock.
A. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.
The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:
A. diffusion. B. respiration. C. oxygenation. D. ventilation. Correct
During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates:
A. fluid in the alveoli. B. a lower airway obstruction. Correct C. secretions in the airway. D. swelling of the upper airway.
A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:
A. mouth-to-mask device. B. nonrebreathing mask. Correct C. bag-valve mask. D. nasal cannula.
You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________. A. peripheral vasoconstriction B. peripheral vasodilation C. an increased heart rate D. hypothermia
A. peripheral vasoconstriction
Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: A. plasma. B. platelets. C. red blood cells. D. whole blood.
A. plasma.
A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:
A. select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it. B. continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx. C. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. Correct D. insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block.
Which of the following would the EMT most likely not perform on a responsive patient with a headache and no apparent life-threatening conditions? A. systemic head-to-toe examination B. noninvasive blood pressure monitoring C. assessment of oxygen saturation D. focused secondary assessment
A. systemic head-to-toe examination
You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should:
A. thrust the jaw forward. B. ventilate with less pressure. C. seal the mouth and nose. Correct D. thoroughly suction the stoma.
Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause altered level of consciousness?
Acute anxiety.
Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-mask device technique is correct?
Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-valve mask.
The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called
Adsorptions
What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?
Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange.
An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. Your initial care should focus on:
Airway, breathing, circulation.
Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after:
All the patients have been triaged.
A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?
Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation.
Which of the following would cause an increase in the amount of exhaled carbon dioxide? a) Excessive ventilation b) Anaerobic metabolism c) Increased cardiac output d) Cardiopulmonary arrest
Anaerobic metabolism
A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note he is conscious. He is screaming in pain and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should:
Apply direct pressure to the wound.
Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________. A. septic shock B. anaphylactic shock C. neurogenic shock D. psychogenic shock
B. anaphylactic shock
Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________. A. hypovolemic shock B. cardiogenic shock C. septic shock D. neurogenic shock
B. cardiogenic shock
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: A. anaphylactic shock. B. cardiogenic shock. C. septic shock. D. neurogenic shock.
B. cardiogenic shock.
A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious and alert and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for this patient? A. 100% supplemental oxygen B. gentle palpation of the pelvis C. performing a full-body scan D. treating her for possible shock
B. gentle palpation of the pelvis
Which of the following is an example of a symptom? A. cyanosis B. headache C. tachycardia D. hypertension
B. headache
When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her that you understand the situation by: A. using medical terminology whenever possible. B. repeating statements back to him or her. C. interrupting him or her as needed for clarification. D. maintaining constant eye contact with him or her.
B. repeating statements back to him or her.
Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. use of accessory muscles. B. shallow chest movement. C. gasping attempts to breathe. D. supraclavicular retractions.
B. shallow chest movement.
Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is: A. in a supine position. B. sitting up at a 45° angle. C. in a recumbent position. D. in a full Fowler's position.
B. sitting up at a 45° angle.
When assessing a patient's abdomen, you will typically evaluate for all of the following, EXCEPT: A. open wounds or eviscerations. B. subcutaneous emphysema. C. rigidity and obvious bleeding. D. gross bleeding and tenderness.
B. subcutaneous emphysema.
When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:
Become smaller
During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:
Before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact.
Which of the following statements regarding the blood pressure is correct?
Blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age
Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function?
Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light
Which of the following oxygen flowmeters is NOT affected by gravity and can be used in any position when attached to an oxygen cylinder?
Bourdon-gauge flowmeter
Which of the following patient responses would establish the "E" in the SAMPLE history? A. "I am not having any difficulty breathing." B. "The chest pain started about 45 minutes ago." C. "I was mowing the lawn when the pain began." D. "I was in the hospital a week ago.
C. "I was mowing the lawn when the pain began."
Which of the following statements regarding the blood pressure is correct? A. Blood pressure falls early in patients with hypoperfusion. B. Blood pressure is the most reliable indicator of perfusion. C. Blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age. D. The systolic pressure represents ventricular relaxation.
C. Blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age.
Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax? A. Rapid administration of intravenous fluids B. Early administration of high-flow oxygen C. Decompression of the injured side of the chest D. Positive-pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask
C. Decompression of the injured side of the chest
When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient? A. During the primary assessment B. Immediately after the injuries are discovered C. En route to the hospital D. Prior to transport
C. En route to the hospital
A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? A. Intravenous fluid administration B. Full immobilization of her spine C. Rapid transport to a trauma center D. High-flow oxygen administration
C. Rapid transport to a trauma center
Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms? A. a 44-year-old male with abdominal pain and severe dizziness B. a 49-year-old female with blurred vision and ringing in the ears C. a 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis D. a 55-year-old male with a severe headache and 2 days of nausea
C. a 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis
A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should: A. administer high-flow supplemental oxygen. B. wrap the towel with pressure bandages. C. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist. D. apply pressure to the brachial artery.
C. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.
When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: A. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. B. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock. C. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. D. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion.
C. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.
With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in: A. patients with decreased peripheral perfusion. B. children who are older than 6 years of age. C. children who are younger than 6 years of age. D. patients who are significantly hypotensive
C. children who are younger than 6 years of age.
Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________. A. irreversible shock B. late shock C. compensated shock D. decompensated shock
C. compensated shock
Which of the following findings indicates that your patient has a patent airway? A. audible breathing B. unresponsiveness C. forceful coughing D. inspiratory stridor
C. forceful coughing
In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: A. hypovolemia. B. diaphoresis. C. hypothermia. D. tachycardia.
C. hypothermia.
Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. appearance. B. race and gender. C. pulse strength. D. level of distress.
C. pulse strength.
Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT: A. the patient's response to your treatment. B. whether or not the patient is deteriorating. C. the reason why the patient called EMS. D. the nature of any newly identified problems.
C. the reason why the patient called EMS.
To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: A. the brain. B. the heart. C. the skin. D. the lungs.
C. the skin.
When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of:
Cardiovascular disease
Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:
Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
In which of the following situations is a pertinent negative identified? A. A 53-year-old man with dizziness also tells you that he has vomited three times. B. A 56-year-old woman states that her chest hurts every time she takes a deep breath. C. A 50-year-old woman states that nothing makes her chest pain better or worse. D. A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath.
D. A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath.
Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? A. Simple pneumothorax B. Spinal cord injury C. Liver laceration D. Cardiac tamponade
D. Cardiac tamponade
What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"? A. Plasma, red blood cells, platelets B. Heart, brain, lungs C. Arteries, veins, capillaries D. Heart, blood vessels, blood
D. Heart, blood vessels, blood
Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct? A. If your general impression of a patient does not reveal any obvious life threats, you should proceed directly to the secondary assessment. B. The purpose of the secondary assessment is to systematically examine every patient from head to toe, regardless of the severity of his or her injury. C. A focused secondary assessment would be the most appropriate approach for a patient who experienced significant trauma to multiple body systems. D. You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment.
D. You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment.
Which of the following patients does NOT have an altered mental status? A. a patient with a head injury who is slow to answer questions B. a patient who overdosed and moans when he is touched C. a diabetic who opens his eyes when you ask questions D. a patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness
D. a patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness
Typical methods of assessing a patient's breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. observing the chest for adequate rise and fall. B. feeling for air movement at the nose and mouth. C. listening to breath sounds with a stethoscope. D. observing for nasal flaring during inhalation.
D. observing for nasal flaring during inhalation.
Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up? A. asking a neighbor to secure the patient's dog B. noting the position of a crashed motor vehicle C. notifying the dispatcher to send fire personnel D. rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status
D. rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status
Shock due to severe infection is called ________. A. anaphylactic shock B. neurogenic shock C. hypovolemic shock D. septic shock
D. septic shock
Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________. A. hypotension B. hypoxia C. perfusion D. shock
D. shock
Distributive shock occurs when: A. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain. B. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. C. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster. D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.
D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.
When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:
Ensure that the patient can see you approaching him.
A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a:
Falsely high systolic and diastolic reading
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?
Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? Select one: A. Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic. B. Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route. C. Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream. D. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.
Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.
You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:
Has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone.
What part of the patient assessment process focuses on obtaining additional information about the patient's chief complaint and any medical problems he or she may have?
History taking
Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct?
In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite adequate oxygenation.
What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector?
Intramuscluar (IM)
What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector? Select one: A. Intravenous B. Intraosseous C. Intramuscular D. Sublingual
Intramuscular
How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?
It forces the alveoli open and pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane.
You come upon an unresponsive patient who is not injured and is breathing on her own with a normal rate and an adequate tidal volume. What would be the advantage of placing her in the recovery position?
It helps to maintain a clear airway.
How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?
It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output.
Which of the following statements regarding stridor is MOST correct?
It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound.
What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?
Jaw-thrust maneuver.
In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the:
Lips or oral mucosa.
Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient? Select one: A. A patient with an altered level of consciousness B. An alert adult patient C. Medical direction approval D. A patient with stable vital signs
Medical direction approval
Which of the following is required for the EMT to administer a drug to a patient
Medical direction approval
The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:
Most serious thing the patient is concerned about.
An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for opening his eyes, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?
Opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain.
Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries
Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct?
Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire.
Which of the following statements regarding parental medications is correct?
Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications
Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct? Select one: A. Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally. B. Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects. C. Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system. D. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.
Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications
Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct?
Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate.
Which of the following patient populations typically require a modified drug dose?
Pediatric patients
Which of the following patient populations typically require a modified drug dose? Select one: A. Females B. Pediatric patients C. Patients with asthma D. Middle adults
Pediatric patients
Which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse?
Place the tips of your index and long fingers over the pulse point
You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:
Position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.
A palpable pulse is created by:
Pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contractions.
Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up?
Rapidly assessing a patients respiratory status.
Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)? Select one: A. Tachycardia B. Hypertension C. Slow respirations D. Extreme agitation
Slow respirations
Activated charcoal is an example of a(n)
Suspension
Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?
The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director
Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error? Select one: A. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director. B. The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route. C. The EMT accidentally gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated. D. The EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient.
The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director
Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?
The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries.
Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?
The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patients injuries.
Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:
The reason why the patient called EMS.
Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?
The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.
Which of the following statements regarding positive-pressure ventilation is correct?
With positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing.
Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?
You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment
On which of the following patients would it be MOST appropriate to use the flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device?
a 21-year-old male with traumatic cardiac arrest
Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position?
a 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing
In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway?
a 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed
Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway?
a 40-year-old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations
Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?
a 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis
Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?
a conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin
A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when:
a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen.
A decrease in the blood pressure may indicate
a loss of vascular tone.
During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates:
a lower airway obstruction.
Which of the following patients does NOT have an altered mental status?
a patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness
Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplemental oxygen be administered? a) Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 95% b) Any elderly patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 95% c) Signs of myocardial infarction and an oxygen saturation of 97% d) Any diabetic patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 98%
a) Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 95%
Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?
acute anxiety
Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by:
adequate amounts of surfactant.
Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse?
adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag
A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:
administer 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to: Select one: A. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure. B. withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place. C. give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose. D. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.
administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.
While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expected the paramedic to:
administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.
You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. your assessments reveals that her breaking is severealy labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epi auto injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and apporoved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplement oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. you should :
administer epi to the patient, begin immedicate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital
You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should: Select one: A. immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal. B. notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient. C. place her in a supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route. D. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital.
administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital.
The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called: Select one: A. digestion. B. suspension. C. adsorption. D. absorption.
adsorption
In the presence of oxygen, the mitochondria of the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called:
aerobic metabolism.
Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after:
all the patients have been triaged
Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after:
all the patients have been triaged.
Palliating factors regarding a patient's pain involve those that
alleviate the pain
Palliating factors regarding a patient's pain involve those that:
alleviate the pain
Your protocols state that during the first few minutes of working on a cardiac arrest patient, you should provide passive ventilation. This means that you will:
allow recoil of the chest between compressions to draw air into the lungs
The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the:
alveolar sacs.
When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that
any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value
A 39 year old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should:
apply direct pressure to the wound.
Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:
ashen
You receive a call to a local daycare center for an unresponsive 8-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. After delivering two rescue breaths, you should:
assess for the presence of a brachial pulse
A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should: Select one: A. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure. B. administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours. C. begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit. D. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg
assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg
A 62 y.o M is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any . After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should:
assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100mm Hg
You and your partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should:
assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.
Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?
auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope
When palpating the carotid pulse of a responsive older patient, you should:
avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously
An adult patient who is NOT experiencing difficulty breathing will:
be able to speak in complete sentences without unusual pauses
When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:
become smaller
You and your partner are caring for a critically injured patient. Your partner is controlling severe bleeding from the patient's lower extremities as you attempt ventilations with a bag-mask device. After repositioning the mask several times, you are unable to effectively ventilate the patient. You should:
begin ventilations using the mouth-to-mask technique
Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient's pulse rate to be slower than normal?
beta-blocker medications
Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when:
blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state.
When auscultating the blood pressure in a patient's upper extremity, you should place the diaphragm (head) of the stethoscope over the _________ artery.
brachial
Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?
bronchus
When performing a full-body scan on a trauma patient, you note the presence of Battle's sign. This is defined as:
bruising behind the ear
Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia? a) Anxiety b) Restlessness c) Cyanosis d) Tachycardia
c) Cyanosis
You respond to a construction site and find a worker lying supine in the dirt. He has been hit by a heavy construction vehicle and flew more than 15 feet (4.6 m) before landing in his current position. There is discoloration and distention of his abdomen about the right upper quadrant. He is unconscious and his respirations are 10 breaths/min and shallow, with noisy gurgling sounds. What method will you use to keep his airway open?
c) Oropharyngeal airway
Complications associated with using a manually triggered ventilation device include a) inadequate ventilation and hypercarbia. b) reduced tidal volume delivery and hypoxia. c) lung tissue injury and gastric distention. d) inadequate oxygenation and tracheal injury.
c) lung tissue injury and gastric distention.
The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it:
can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex.
Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called
capsules
Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called: Select one: A. pills. B. caplets. C. capsules. D. tablets.
capsules
The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:
carbon dioxide
When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of: Select one: A. cardiovascular disease. B. non-insulin-dependent diabetes. C. reactive airway disease. D. bacterial infection.
cardiovascular disease
The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected:
cervical spine injuries.
With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in
children who are younger than 6 years of age.
While en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should:
confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene.
When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:
constrict - become smaller
When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by:
constricting
To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the:
corner of the mouth to the earlobe.
Marks: 1/1 When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that it is grossly irregular. You should:
count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading.
When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that it is grossly irregular. You should:
count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading.
The __________ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx.
cricoid
When assessing the skin of an unconscious patient, you note that it has a bluish tint to it. This finding is called
cyanosis
While assisting with respirations, you note gastric distention. In order to prevent or alleviate the distention, you should: a) ensure that the patient's airway is appropriately positioned. b) ventilate the patient at the appropriate rate. c) ventilate the patient at the appropriate volume. d) All of these answers are correct.
d) All of these answers are correct.
A patient's short-term memory is MOST likely intact if he or she correctly answers questions regarding:
date and event
Cyanosis of the skin is caused by
decreased blood oxygen.
Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume?
deep respirations
A 50-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT should:
determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card
When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT's responsibility is to
determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life
When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT's responsibility is to:
determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life.
A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being
diaphoretic.
Inhalation occurs when the:
diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure
External bleeding from an extremity can usually be controlled by a combination of
direct pressure and elevation.
The amount of medication that is given is known as the ____.
dose
The amount of medication that is given is known as the _________. Select one: A. indication B. side effect C. contraindication D. dose
dose
The pulse oximeter is an assessment tool used to evaluate the
effectiveness of oxygenation
A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
encouraging him to cough and transporting.
The purpose of the pin-indexing system that has been established for compressed gas cylinders is to:
ensure that the correct regulator is used for the cylinder.
When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:
ensure that the patient can see you approaching him
When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:
ensure that the patient can see you approaching him.
Upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene, you should
ensure that you are safe
Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT the:
epiglottis
The leaf-shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the:
epiglottis.
Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum?
esophagus
The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called:
external respiration
A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is:
flushed and red
Which of the following findings indicates that your patient has a patent airway?
forceful coughing
You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:
has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone
You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:
has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone.
CPAP is indicated for patients who:
have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands.
Which of the following is an example of a symptom
headache
A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a:
high blood pressure
Stridor
high pitch/whistle sound, crowing sound on inspiration suggest an occluded airway upper airway
What part of the patient assessment process focuses on obtaining additional information about the patient's chief complaint and any medical problems he or she may have?
history taking
If ventilation is impaired, carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream will increase. This condition is called:
hypercarbia.
The MOST significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is:
hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts
Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication:
ibuprofen
Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication: Select one: A. acetaminophen. B. aspirin. C. nitrostat. D. ibuprofen.
ibuprofen
The goal of the primary assessment is to:
identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions
After performing a primary assessment, a rapid scan of the body should be performed in order to:
identify less obvious injuries that require immediate transport
After performing a primary assessment, a rapid scan of the body should be performed in order to:
identify less obvious injuries that require immediate transport.
If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient, you should:
immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should:
immediately suction her oropharynx
Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells:
incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood.
All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distention when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-mask device, EXCEPT:
increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume.
Upon arriving at the scene of a patient with difficulty breathing, you determine that the scene is safe. You enter the residence and find the patient sitting in a chair in obvious distress. Your first action should be to:
introduce yourself to the patient
In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:
is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure.
What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?
jaw-thrust maneuver
A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect:
liver dysfunction
The goal of the full-body scan that is performed during the secondary assessment is to:
locate injuries not found in the primary assessment
You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to:
log roll him as a unit to a supine position.
Rhonchi
loud coarse low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airway
The hypoxic drive—the primary stimulus to breathe for patients with certain chronic respiratory diseases—is influenced by:
low blood oxygen levels.
A blood pressure cuff that is too large for a patient's arm will give a:
low blood pressure
As you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should
maintain stabilization of the head.
As you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should:
maintain stabilization of the head.
End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is defined as the:
maximal concentration of CO2 at the end of an exhaled breath
End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is defined as the:
maximal concentration of CO2 at the end of an exhaled breath.
Each cell of the body combines nutrients and oxygen and produces energy and waste products through a process called:
metabolism.
The diastolic pressure represents the:
minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries
The diastolic pressure represents the:
minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries.
The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:
most serious thing the patient is concerned about
The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:
most serious thing the patient is concerned about.
As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the:
mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve.
Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that:
moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath.
Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen?
muscle
A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:
nonrebreathing mask
Typical methods of assessing a patient's breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT:
observing for nasal flaring during inhalation
Which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?
only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls
An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?
opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause the pupils to remain significantly constricted?
overdose of an opiate drug
Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:
pale, white, ashen, or gray
In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the
palms and soles
In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the:
palms and soles
A full-body scan should be performed on
patients with a significant MOI and unresponsive medical patients.
In ___ administeration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner
peer-assisted
In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner. Select one: A. patient-assisted B. peer-assisted C. EMT-administered D. paramedic-administered
peer-assisted
The MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head or face is:
penetrating the cranium.
The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to:
perform a careful and thorough assessment
The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to:
perform a careful and thorough assessment.
You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused, is in obvious respiratory distress, and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate livesaving treatment, you should:
perform a rapid scan of her entire body and prepare for immediate transport.
A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately:
perform oropharyngeal suctioning.
During your assessment of a 6-month-old male with vomiting and diarrhea, you note that his capillary refill time is approximately 4 seconds. From this information, you should conclude that his:
peripheral circulation is decreased
During your assessment of a 6-month-old male with vomiting and diarrhea, you note that his capillary refill time is approximately 4 seconds. From this information, you should conclude that his
peripheral circulation is decreased.
The diaphragm is innervated by the _________ nerve, which allows it to contract.
phrenic
Normal skin color, temperature, and condition should be:
pink, warm, and dry
You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:
position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.
When performing a full-body scan on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?
posterior
A 50-year-old male presents with an altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen, you should:
prepare for immediate transport.
A palpable pulse is created by
pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction
A palpable pulse is created by:
pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.
During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing:
pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition
During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing:
pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition.
Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT:
pulse strength.
In responsive patients that are older than 1 year of age, you should palpate the pulse at the ________ artery.
radial
Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be
radiating
When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that there is a short interval between pulsations. This indicates that the pulse is:
rapid
Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up?
rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status
A 31-year-old female is experience an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:
reassess the patient and document her response to the medication
A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: Select one: A. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress. B. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication. C. check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current. D. contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did.
reassess the patient and document her response to the medication
If a patient develops difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately:
reevaluate his or her airway status
You are ventilating a 40-year-old uninjured man who is apneic but has a pulse. When your partner reassesses his blood pressure, he notes that it has decreased significantly from previous readings. You elevate the patient's legs, but this action has no effect. You should:
reevaluate the rate and volume of your ventilations
A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be:
regular
You are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight-fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should:
remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise.
While providing CPAP to a patient in severe respiratory distress, you note that his heart rate has increased by 20 beats/min. He is conscious, but is no longer following verbal commands. You should:
remove the CPAP device and ventilate him with a bag-valve mask.
A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:
remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx.
When performing a reassessment of your patient, you should first:
repeat the primary assessment
When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her that you understand the situation by:
repeating statements back to him or her.
An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she:
requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask on a patient, you must ensure that the:
reservoir bag is fully inflated.
A patient who does not respond to your questions but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be:
responsive to painful stimuli
You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should:
roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway.
You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should:
seal the mouth and nose.
Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is seen MOST commonly in pediatric patients?
seesaw breathing
Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport?
severe chest pain and cool, pale skin
Which of the following factors will cause a decreased minute volume in an adult?
shallow breathing
Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of airway obstruction?
shallow breathing
Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT
shallow chest movement
After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n): Select one: A. untoward effect. B. unpredictable effect. C. side effect. D. therapeutic effect.
side effect
After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):
side effect
Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is:
sitting up at a 45° angle
The diaphragm functions as an involuntary muscle when a person:
sleeps.
Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense:
slight elevations in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.
Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)
slow respirations
While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He has a weak cough, faint inspiratory stridor, and cyanosis around the lips. You should:
stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts.
When assessing motor function in a conscious patient's lower extremities, you should expect the patient t
start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible
Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway?
stridor
A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called
subcutaneous emphysema
When assessing a patient's abdomen, you will typically evaluate for all of the following, EXCEPT:
subcutaneous emphysema
A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called:
subcutaneous emphysema.
After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient, you should:
suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct
After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient, you should:
suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct.
Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes:
suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx.
Activated charcoal is an example of a(n): Select one: A. elixir. B. suspension. C. solution. D. gel.
suspension
Which of the following would the EMT most likely not perform on a responsive patient with a headache and no apparent life-threatening conditions?
systemic head-to-toe examination
When you use the palpation method to obtain a blood pressure, the measurement you obtain is the:
systolic blood pressure
The pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the left ventricle contracts is called the:
systolic pressure
After the first 60 minutes of experiencing a significant injury:
the body's ability to compensate for shock decreases.
You should gently palpate a patient's pelvis only if:
the patient does not complain of pelvic pain
The "Golden Period" begins when an injury occurs and ends when:
the patient receives definitive care
The "Golden Period" begins when an injury occurs and ends when:
the patient receives definitive care.
Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:
the reason why the patient called EMS.
The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as:
the study of drug and their actions on body
The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. the study of how medications affect the brain. B. the study of drugs that are produced illegally. C. the study of drugs and their actions on the body. D. the study of drug excretion from the human body.
the study of drugs and their actions on the body
What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?
the tongue
The main advantage of the Venturi mask is:
the use of its fine adjustment capabilities in the long-term management of physiologically stable patients.
A low ETCO2 reading, as measured by capnography, would MOST likely be observed if:
there is an absence or decrease in the level of CO2 in the lungs.
When a patient's respirations are shallow:
tidal volume is markedly reduced
When assessing a 62-year-old female with crushing chest pain, you note that her pulse is rapid and irregular. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:
transport at once and consider requesting a paramedic unit
A properly sized blood pressure cuff should cover:
two thirds the length from the armpit to the crease in the elbow
During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:
upon exiting the ambulance, but before actual patient contact.
The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:
ventilation.
While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the:
ventricles relaxing
Rales
wet sound / like air bubbling through water crackling, rattling sign of fluid in the lungs
The nasal cannula is MOST appropriately used in the prehospital setting:
when the patient cannot tolerate a nonrebreathing mask
When is it MOST appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene?
when you determine there are multiple patients
When assessing motor function in a conscious patient's lower extremities, you should expect the patient to
wiggle his or her toes on command
Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask should be administered to patients
with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume
A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted:
with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare
Palpating the carotid pulse is not recommended in infants because:
you may inadvertently compress the trachea