chapter 8- Joints - Types of Movement
True
Bending at the waist to one side is usually called lateral flexion of the vertebral column, rather than abduction.
medial excursion
returns the mandible to the midline position.
reposition
returns the thumb and little finger to the neutral, anatomical position.
Elavation
shrugging shoulders
plantar flexion
The exceptions to defining flexion and extension in relation to the coronal plane are the knee and foot. At the knee, flexion moves (bends) the leg in a posterior direction, and extension moves (straightens) it in an anterior direction
supination and pronation
The head of the radius rotates against the radial notch of the ulna during s
subluxation
is a partial dislocation.
active range of motion
is the amount of movement that can be accomplished by contracting the muscles that normally act across a joint.
passive range of motion
is the amount of movement that can be accomplished when the structures that meet at the joint are moved by an outside force, as when a therapist holds on to a patient's forearm and moves it toward the arm, flexing the elbow joint.
Rotation
is the turning of a structure around its long axis, as in rotating the head, the humerus, or the entire body
True
In the hand, abduction spreads the fingers apart, away from the midline of the hand, and adduction brings them back together
true
Jutting out the jaw and hunching the shoulders are examples of protraction.
true
Pulling the jaw back and pinching or pulling the scapulae back toward the vertebral column illustrate retraction.
tru
Sometimes inversion of the foot is called supination, and eversion is called pronation.
Circular Movements
_______________ involve rotating a structure around an axis or moving the structure in an arc.
elavation
closing mandible
hyperextention
define _________ as the normal movement of structures, except the leg, into the space posterior to the anatomical position.
range of motion
describes the amount of mobility that can be demonstrated in a given joint.
types of joint movement
gliding, angular, circular, special, and combination movements.
Circumduction
is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
Protraction
is a gliding motion that moves a structure in an ante- rior direction
Flexion
is movement of a body part anterior to the coronal plane, or in the anterior direction.
Extension
is movement of a body part posterior to the coronal plane, or in the posterior direction.
opposition
is movement of the thumb and little finger (figure 8.25). It occurs when these two digits are brought toward each other across the palm of the hand.
lateral excursion
is moving the mandible to either the right or the left of the midline (figure 8.24), as occurs when grinding the teeth or chewing.
supination
is rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly in relation to the anatomical position. The palm of the hand faces superiorly if the elbow is flexed to 90 degrees.
pronation
is rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly in relation to the anatomical position. The palm of the hand faces inferiorly if the elbow is flexed to 90 degrees.
hyperextention
is usually defined as abnormal, forced exten- sion of a joint beyond its normal range of motion. For example, if a person attempts to break a fall by putting out a hand, the force of the fall directed into the hand and wrist may cause hyperextension of the wrist and result in a sprained joint or broken bone.
angular movement
one part of a linear structure, such as the trunk or a limb, bends relative to another part of the structure, thereby changing the angle between the two parts. They also involve the movement of a solid rod, such as a limb, that is attached at one end to the body so that the angle at which it meets the body changes. flexion and extension and abduction and adduction are common types of this type of movement.
depression
opening mandible
pronation and supination
refer to the unique rotation of the forearm
gliding movement
simplest of all the types of movement. These movements occur in plane joints between two flat or nearly flat surfaces that slide or glide over each other. These joints often allow only slight movement, such as that occurring between carpal bones.
depression
moves a structure inferiorly
Elevation
moves a structure superiorly;
Retraction
moves the structure back to the anatomical position or even more posteriorly.
sprain
occurs when ligaments are damaged.
dislocation or luxation
of a joint occurs when the articulating surfaces of the bones are moved out of proper alignment.
lateral rotation
of the humerus moves the hand away from the body.
medial rotation
of the humerus with the forearm flexed brings the hand toward the body.
eversion
turns the ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally, with the weight on the inside edge of the foot (rolling in)
inversion
turns the ankle so that the plantar surface of the foot faces medially, toward the opposite foot, with the weight on the outside edge of the foot (rolling out).
Adduction
(to bring together) is movement toward the midline.
Abduction
(to take away) is movement away from the midline;
pronation
, the radius and ulna cross; in supination, they are parallel.
true
1. Shape of the articular surfaces of the bones forming the joint 2. Amount and shape of cartilage covering those articular surfaces 3. Strength and location of ligaments and tendons surrounding the joint 4. Strength and location of the muscles associated with the joint 5. Amount of fluid in and around the joint 6. Amount of pain in and around the joint 7. Amount of use or disuse the joint has received over time
True
Abduction of the head which involves tilting the head to one side, is commonly called lateral flexion of the neck.
True
Abduction of the thumb moves it anteriorly, away from the palm.
True
Abduction of the wrist, which is sometimes called radial deviation, moves the hand away from the midline of the body.
True
The exceptions to defining flexion and extension in relation to the coronal plane are the knee and foot. At the knee, flexion moves (bends) the leg in a posterior direction, and extension moves (straightens) it in an anterior direction
True
adduction of the wrist, sometimes called ulnar devia- tion, moves the hand toward the midline.
True
adduction of the wrist, sometimes called ulnar deviation, moves the hand toward the midline.
dorsiflexion
movement of the foot toward the shin, as when walking on the heels, is called ________