chapter 8
What is intention?
A person's beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or people that guide his or her behavior
Which of the following BEST describes positive reinforcement?
A reward given to employees who exhibit desired behaviors
With regard to two-factor theory, which of the following combinations matches the presence of both required factors?
Advancement and working conditions
According to expectancy theory, an employee is likely to ask which of the following questions before deciding to exert maximum effort toward completing a task?
Am I likely to receive the reward if I perform well?
Which of the following BEST describes management by objectives?
An employee and manager who work together to set up and measure individual performance goals
Which of the following scenarios BEST explains motivation?
Cecil works diligently in order to maximize his productivity due to a set of forces that causes him to behave in this manner.
Which of the following is one of the "big five" personality traits?
Conscientiousness
Which "Big Five" personality trait would characterize an individual's attention to detail, organization, and self-discipline?
Conscientiousness
Glynda has an uncanny ability to "tap into" others' emotions. She seems to be able to instinctively sense and understand how other people are feeling. Which dimension of emotional intelligence does this describe?
Empathy
Which of the following statements about job satisfaction is FALSE?
Employees who experience high levels of job satisfaction at their organization will be more productive.
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about job satisfaction?
Employees who have a greater level of organizational commitment will likely overlook minor areas of dissatisfaction with their jobs.
Which of the following BEST describes a psychological contract between employees and the organization?
Employees' expectations of their contributions and organizations' expectations of inducements
Nicole was reasonably satisfied with her job and salary until she learned that a coworker who has less education and experience is paid more. Nicole is now miserable in her job and is thinking about quitting. Which theory of motivation would BEST describe Nicole's reaction?
Equity theory
Which of the following is the theory of motivation that states that people evaluate their treatment by the organization relative to the treatment of others?
Equity theory
Which theory of motivation is characterized by an individual's perception of the ratio of their inputs to outputs?
Equity theory
Estelle is trying to determine the best way to motivate Scott, a new employee. Scott has recently moved to the area after retiring from a successful career. He has a comfortable pension but wants to meet new people and keep busy. Which of the following motivational strategies would be most effective in motivating Scott, based on Maslow's hierarchy of human needs?
Estelle should invite Scott to socialize with other employees, either during lunch or after work
Which of the following examples BEST illustrates the need for achievement?
Evan continually looks for new and better methods for doing his work.
Scott would like to be promoted to shift supervisor, but he knows that, without a college degree, he won't even be considered as a candidate. As a result, he sometimes slacks in his performance, knowing that a promotion isn't a possibility. Scott's lack of motivation could BEST be described by which theory of motivation?
Expectancy theory
Brittni can best be described as a "people person," both at work and in her personal life. She is outgoing and friendly and loves to interact with customers, colleagues, and friends. Which "Big Five" personality trait does this BEST exemplify?
Extraversion
Which of the following lets employees come in at 7:30 a.m. or 8:30 a.m. as long as they put in their entire 8-hour day?
Flextime
Which of the following explanations BEST describes motivation as proposed by Theory Y?
Individuals are self-motivated, work hard, and learn continuously.
Bob has always been known as an imaginative "big picture" person. He sees the world in terms of possibilities and abstract concepts rather than realities, and often relies on his instincts or interpretations of situations or people. Which dimension of the Myers-Briggs framework does this describe?
Intuition
Which of the following examples BEST illustrates the influence of Machiavellianism?
Jakayla lied and told her boss she contributed more than her team members to increase her chance of being promoted to the senior project lead position.
is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them.
Locus of control
Kyle is ambitious and he often claims the work of his coworkers as his own to get ahead at work. Which personality trait is responsible for influencing Kyle's behavior?
Machiavellianism
When a coworker angers you in a staff meeting, you refrain from verbally lashing out and instead address your concerns with her after the meeting in a calm, controlled manner. Which dimension of emotional intelligence does this describe?
Managing emotions
A manager who subscribes to Theory Y management would believe which of the following?
Many employees are eager to seek out challenges and responsibility.
Which of the following is the term for the theory of motivation describing five levels of human needs and arguing that basic needs must be fulfilled before people work to satisfy higher-level needs?
Maslow's hierarchy of human needs model
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following would be MOST likely to result in a higher level of employee motivation?
Monthly employee recognition luncheons
Which of the following could a manager use to assess dimensions of personality such as sensing or judging?
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Based on the video, which of the following represents one of the MOST observable strengths of the Whole Foods organization?
Organizational citizenship
Which of the following is an example of employee behavior?
Organizational citizenship
is defined as the behavior of individuals who make a positive overall contribution to the organization.
Organizational citizenship
Which of the following is an example of the Hawthorne effect?
Parker's employees are more productive because he pays close attention to them.
You just interviewed a college graduate from another state and even though she has no real work history, she seems like a perfect fit for the job. She has relocated and can start work soon. Which inducement will MOST LIKELY appeal to her in her current situation?
Pay
Which of the following is a belief of Theory X managers?
People are naturally lazy and uncooperative.
Which of the following is BEST defined as a set of psychological attributes that makes an individual unique?
Personality
_______ is the enduring pattern of behaviors, emotions, and psychological attributes that characterize an individual
Personality
As a multinational lumber company operations manager, you just hired a young man with a two-year college degree to supervise a clean up crew at a local mill. Which inducement will MOST LIKELY motivate him to do a good job?
Promotion opportunities
Which of the following "big five" personality trait descriptions BEST defines someone who demonstrates agreeableness?
Someone who is gentle, cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and good-natured in dealing with others
What is the meaning of person-job fit?
The extent to which the contributions an individual makes to an organization matches that organization's inducements
Which of the following is an example of a flextime program?
The organization offers to let employees come in at 7:30 a.m. or 8:30 a.m. as long as they put in their entire 8-hour day.
Whole Foods provides employees with good pay, stock options, and performance-based incentives such as profit sharing. In return, Whole Foods expects team members to meet their performance goals and give the best possible service to customers. This illustrates which of the following concepts from the chapter?
The psychological contract
Which of the following BEST defines equity theory?
The theory of motivation holding that people evaluate their treatment by the organization relative to the treatment of others
What is the definition of performance behaviors?
The total set of work-related behaviors that an organization expects employees to display
According to behavior scientist Douglas McGregor, the idea that people are naturally lazy and uncooperative is the belief of managers who subscribe to
Theory X
Marissa firmly believes that decisions should be made based on facts and logic, not on emotions or subjective factors. Which dimension of the Myers-Briggs framework does this describe?
Thinking
Which of the following is the goal of job enrichment?
To add motivating factors to the daily activities of employees
Which of the following BEST describes the goals of participative management and empowerment?
To allow employees to take greater responsibility for their own performance in order to increase job satisfaction
How can a manager utilize the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator when working with their staff?
To assess dimensions of personality such as sensing or judging
Which of the following methods of increasing job satisfaction describes work sharing?
Two workers do the same job but split the hours between them as if it were one full-time job.
According to the Myers-Briggs framework, what does the dimension of sensing versus intuition describe?
Whether a person prefers concrete things or more abstract when processing information
Which of the following methods of increasing job satisfaction means that two workers do the same job but split the hours between them as if it were one full-time job?
Work sharing
In addition to providing its employees with traditional extrinsic motivators such as good pay, appreciation, and even a profit-sharing plan, which of the following strategies BEST describes the Whole Foods approach to motivating and empowering employees?
Work teams and team structures
A person with a high level of is gentle, cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and good-natured in their dealings with others.
agreeableness
Gary is opposed to drinking alcohol, but he has been offered a lucrative marketing job with a brewery. He is tempted to take the job but feels hypocritical. Gary is experiencing _______.
cognitive dissonance
Gavin claims to be environmentally conscious but just purchased a gas-guzzling car. He is uncomfortable with his choice but justifies it by claiming that the car was a "good deal" and he can't afford a hybrid vehicle. Gavin is experiencing _______.
cognitive dissonance
When two sets of cognitions or perceptions are contradictory or incongruent, a person experiences a level of conflict and anxiety called .
cognitive dissonance
A key concept in reinforcement/behavior modification is that _______.
consequences follow behavior
Despite a strict attendance policy, a stated commitment to employee satisfaction, and even repeated memos to all employees, your company is experiencing a high rate of absenteeism, tardiness, unexcused abscesses, long lunch breaks, and early departures. This is MOST LIKELY a problem with ________.
corporate culture
According to _____ theory, people are motivated to work toward rewards that they want and that they believe they have a reasonable chance of obtaining.
expectancy
In a law firm, administrative staff can alter the times they come in for work and leave at the end of the day as long as they work 8 hours and are in the office between 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. This is an example of _______.
flextime
Bolt Industries offers its call center employees a full range of employee benefits including health and dental insurance, and its pay is well above industry standards. Its offices are nicely decorated, and the headsets used by the employees are top of the line. However, turnover rates and absenteeism are high, and employees don't seem enthusiastic about their jobs. According to Herzberg, this lack of job satisfaction may be occurring because the company focuses on _______ factors.
hygiene
Attitudes are comprised of three dimensions: cognition, affect, and _______.
intention
You know your professor is a "stickler" when it comes to spelling and grammar in your papers and you detest this, because you're enrolled in a business course, not an English course. However, you are going to proofread your papers so that you don't lose points on your assignments. Which element of your attitude toward your professor does proofreading best describe?
intention
According to the Myers-Briggs framework, the dimension of sensing versus describes whether a person prefers concrete things or more abstract concepts.
intuition
To rectify a situation of high turnover caused by a number of dissatisfied employees leaving the firm, managers could implement a program, which would give employees more incentive to stay by adding motivating factors to their daily activities.
job enrichment
An employee and manager who work together to set up and measure individual performance goals that contribute to organizational goals are demonstrating
management by objectives
According to the classical theory of motivation, _____ is the most effective tool for motivating employees
money
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs Model, higher-level needs _______.
motivate behavior only if lower-level needs are met
Patti volunteered to cover the balance of a coworker's shift so that he could pick up his sick child from day care. This is an example of ________.
organizational citizenship
The Whole Planet Foundation gives back to areas of the world from which Whole Foods gets its products, even though they don't have to dash thus making a positive contribution at a global level. This kind of positive contribution at the individual employee level is what the chapter calls _________________.
organizational citizenship
As shown in the video, Whole Foods' use of multiple self-directed, autonomous work teams suggests that Whole Foods embraces the chapter concept known as ____________.
participative management and empowerment
Wells Fargo employees created thousands of fake demand deposit accounts to fulfill performance quotas set by upper management. As managers, the lesson we can learn from this is that _______ can create ________.
performance goals; counterproductive behavior
In Maslow's hierarchy of human needs, the lowest level needs are _____ needs.
physiological
As a supervisor, you expect your employees to work overtime if the job is not done, but your employees choose to leave at the end of the regular workday. These conflicting expectations are MOST LIKELY a result of a problem with the ________.
psychological contract
Employees' expectations of their contributions and organizations' expectations of inducements constitute
psychological contracts
Jonas "borrows" $500 from petty cash and uses the money to buy lottery tickets in hopes of being able to pay back his colleague, which is an example of a high degree of .
risk propensity
When Lana is suspended for swearing at an abusive customer, the other customer service representatives are more careful to watch how they behave toward customers. This is an example of _______.
social learning
Parker knows that if he keeps an eye on his employees by periodically walking around the production floor, he can increase their productivity through what's known as .
the Hawthorne effect
Nikki and Brad are married dentists who split the hours and responsibilities at a busy dental practice so they can juggle the demands of their growing family. Nikki works on Tuesday and Thursday, and Brad works on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. They split the pay and benefits of a single full-time dentist position. This BEST describes _______.
work sharing
What are the three acquired needs identified by McClelland's theory?
Achievement, affiliation, and power
Benjamin is the manager of a group of programmers who design and create computer games. He's implemented a new program to motivate employees to work harder. Employees who complete projects in less time than projected will be rewarded with an additional week of vacation. Many employees have responded positively, but several have not. Cathy, one of his most experienced employees, complains that she's not really interested in more vacation and would like to be able to work from home. Cathy's lack of motivation is an example of a(n) _____ issue.
reward-personal goals