Chapter 8 LC

The products of the Calvin cycle are 3-carbon sugars. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. true false

true

Which of the following is needed directly to produce both triose phosphates and RuBP? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. ATP rubisco NADPH photosystem II O2

ATP

Which of the following are produced directly as a result of the movement of electrons through the photosynthetic electron transport chain? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. carbohydrates and ATP ATP and NADPH oxygen and carbohydrates water and carbohydrates

ATP and NADPH

Which of the following are products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis that are required by reactions in the Calvin cycle? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. ATP and oxygen ATP and NADPH NADP+ and oxygen Water and NADPH

ATP and NADPH

In photosynthesis, the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to form carbohydrate requires: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. rubisco. RuBP. ATP and NADPH. ATP. NADPH.

ATP and NADPH.

Xanthophyll pigments: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. prevent formation of reactive oxygen species. absorb light energy. convert light energy into heat. reflect yellow light. All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct

Which of the following statements is true regarding reactive oxygen species? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Reactive oxygen species are formed when excess electrons are added to O2. Reactive oxygen species are likely to form if NADP+ is rare in a cell. Reactive oxygen species can form when O2 is exposed to excess light energy. Reactive oxygen species can be "neutralized" by antioxidants. All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following is/are rubisco substrates? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. CO2 O2 CO2, O2, and RuBP RuBP CO2 and RuBP

CO2, O2, and RuBP

In animal cells, most ATP synthesis takes place in mitochondria, but in plant cells, most of the ATP used by plant cells is made in the chloroplasts. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. False True

False

During their experiments with chlorella, Calvin and Benson found no free glucose. Why do you think this is? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Glucose is an isomer of fructose. Glucose would cause H2O to leave the Chlorella cells. Green algae do not respire when illuminated. Glucose is stored as starch. Glucose takes too long to synthesize.

Glucose is stored as starch.

In plants and algae, ____ is the source of the electrons needed for photosynthesis. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. NADPH H+ CO2 O2 H2O

H2O

During photosynthesis in plants and algae, ____ is oxidized and ____ is reduced. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. NADPH; ATP H2O; CO2 H2O; O2 O2; CO2 CO2; H2O

H2O; CO2

The reactions of photosynthesis are an important part of the energy conversion pathways in plants. Suppose you are conducting research on photosynthesis with the following conditions in the plants you are studying: - high concentrations of NADPH in the chloroplasts - low concentrations of ATP in the chloroplasts - low intracellular concentrations of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) - the plant is growing in full sunlight Which of the following statements are true? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Carbohydrate production is elevated. Levels of antioxidants in the cells are elevated. The rate of CO2 fixation by rubisco is elevated. Cellular metabolic processes slow due to decreased ATP levels in the chloroplasts.

Levels of antioxidants in the cells are elevated.

ATP, NADPH, and NADH contain stored energy used by plant cells. Which of these molecules provides the energy that is stored in carbohydrate during the Calvin cycle? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. NADH ATP NADPH

NADPH

In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, light energy is captured and stored as potential energy. In which of the following is this energy stored in the light-dependent reactions? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. carbohydrate molecules an electrochemical gradient NADPH, ATP, and an electrochemical gradient. NADPH, ATP, and carbohydrate molecules NADPH and ATP

NADPH, ATP, and an electrochemical gradient.

In plants and algae, which of the following is a by-product of photosynthesis? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. H+ C6H12O6 O2 carbohydrates CO2

O2

Which of the following compounds is required for the carboxylation step of the Calvin cycle? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. ATP and NADPH NADPH RuBP 3-PGA ATP

RuBP

The Calvin cycle includes 15 enzymes, most of which are involved in: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. RuBP regeneration. ATP synthesis. starch synthesis. reduction. RuBP carboxylation.

RuBP regeneration.

Which of the following correctly describes the role of rubisco in the Calvin cycle? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Rubisco incorporates CO2 from the atmosphere into an organic molecule. Rubisco uses NADPH to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to a three carbon sugar. None of the other answer options is correct. Rubisco uses ATP to regenerate RUBP.

Rubisco incorporates CO2 from the atmosphere into an organic molecule.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the earliest photosynthetic organisms on Earth? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. These organisms likely used both inorganic molecules and water as electron donors. The organisms likely produced oxygen as a waste product, resulting in Earth's current atmosphere. The organisms likely used molecules other than water (i.e., H2S) as electron donors. These organisms likely possessed two photosystems. Given the abundance of H2O on early Earth, these organisms used H2O as an electron donor.

The organisms likely used molecules other than water (i.e., H2S) as electron donors.

A researcher is carrying out an experiment where she labels a protein with a fluorescent tag (so she can visualize its location in a cell), and introduces this tagged protein into the lumen of a single thylakoid. She observes her treated cells periodically, and notices that the labeled protein can move between grana, but is never observed in the stroma. What can she deduce? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. The protein likely travels through a common lumen shared by thylakoid membranes and grana, and cannot easily diffuse through the thylakoid membrane. This protein can easily transfer between the inner and outer mitochondria membranes. All thylakoid membranes and grana share a common lumen, through which the labeled protein can move. This protein cannot easily diffuse through the thylakoid membrane. This protein likely travels between different thylakoid membranes by moving through the stroma, but its movement through the stroma is very brief.

The protein likely travels through a common lumen shared by thylakoid membranes and grana, and cannot easily diffuse through the thylakoid membrane.

Which of the following best describes the benefit to early photosynthetic organisms gained by having two different photosystems in one cell? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. These organisms produced carbohydrates at twice the rate of organisms with a single photosystem. They produced oxygen. They could use water as an electron donor They could thrive in places where there was little or almost no light.

They could use water as an electron donor

Which of the following is true concerning the Calvin cycle and light-harvesting reactions of photosynthesis? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. They take place in different organelles. They take place in different compartments of the same organelle. They take place in different types of cells in the plant None of the other answer options is correct.

They take place in different types of cells in the plant

All cells able to carry out photosynthesis have: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. chloroplasts. mitochondria. a plasma membrane. chloroplasts and mitochondria. chloroplasts, mitochondria, and a plasma membrane.

a plasma membrane.

Which of the following correctly lists the three steps of the Calvin cycle? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. reduction of carbon dioxide, reduction of NADPH, regeneration of RuBP oxidation, reduction, and carboxylation carboxylation, reduction, and regeneration carboxylation, ATP synthesis, and regeneration

carboxylation, reduction, and regeneration

Which of the following is responsible for the transport of electrons between photosystem II and photosystem I? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. cytochrome b6f. NADP+. NADPH. water. chlorophyll.

cytochrome b6f.

Low temperatures slow the activity of rubisco but enhance its ability to select CO2 over O2. Low temperatures thus: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. decrease photorespiration rates. increase photorespiration rates. increase the production of reactive oxygen species. increase photosynthesis rates.

decrease photorespiration rates.

Chemicals called uncouplers can make membranes permeable to small molecules and ions. What effect might un-couplers have on photosynthesis? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. decreased NADPH production because the proton gradient would decrease decreased ATP production because the proton gradient would increase increased ATP production because cyclic electron transport would increase decreased ATP production because the proton gradient would decrease decreased NADPH production because the proton gradient would increase

decreased ATP production because the proton gradient would decrease

It is thought that the evolution of two photosystems from one likely involved: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. both transfer of genetic material and gene duplication and divergence. either transfer of genetic material or gene duplication and divergence. gene duplication and divergence. endosymbiosis. transfer of genetic material.

either transfer of genetic material or gene duplication and divergence.

Cyclic electron transport enhances ATP production because: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. photosystem I pumps more protons. ADP production increases. cyclic electron transport is more energy efficient than linear electron transport. proton translocation decreases. electrons are transferred from ferredoxin to plastoquinone.

electrons are transferred from ferredoxin to plastoquinone.

The process in which one cell takes up residence in another cell is called: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. endosymbiosis. endocytosis. commensalism. parasitism. exocytosis.

endosymbiosis.

All photosynthetic bacteria possess two functionally distinct photosystems. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. false true

false

Eukaryotes conduct all of the photosynthesis that occurs in the ocean. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. true false

false

Prokaryotes account for roughly half of terrestrial photosynthesis. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. true false

false

The Calvin cycle is a relatively constant process, the rate of which is independent of factors such as temperature and nitrogen concentration. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. true false

false

The first photosynthetic organisms probably used chlorophyll as the primary light-absorbing pigment. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. true false

false

Where does the oxygen come from that is produced as a by-product of photosynthesis? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. from the breakdown of carbohydrates from the reduction of CO2 from the Calvin cycle from breakdown of water

from breakdown of water

Where is the photosynthetic electron transport chain located in plant cells? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. in the outer membrane of the chloroplast in the inner membrane of the chloroplast in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast in the stroma of the chloroplast

in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast

High temperatures increase reaction rates but lower rubisco selectivity for CO2 versus O2. High leaf temperatures thus: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. increase RuBP carboxylation. decrease RuBP carboxylation. increase photorespiration rates. decrease photorespiration rates. increase respiration.

increase photorespiration rates.

With the endosymbiotic hypothesis in mind, what structure within modern-day chloroplasts is likely derived from the plasma membrane of ancestral cyanobacteria that took up residence within a eukaryotic cell? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. grana stroma lumen thylakoid membrane inner membrane

inner membrane

ATP production in photosynthesis requires: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. protons. light, electrons, and protons. light and protons. light. electrons.

light, electrons, and protons.

NADPH production in photosynthesis requires: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. light, electrons, and protons. protons. electrons. light and protons. light.

light, electrons, and protons.

Reactive oxygen species are detoxified in order to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. All of these choices are correct. minimize damage to membranes. enhance cyclic electron transport. enhance linear electron transport. recover electrons.

minimize damage to membranes.

In addition to chloroplasts, which of the following organelles of eukaryotic cells is believed to have originated by endosymbiosis? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes mitochondria

mitochondria

In addition to chlorophylls, light-harvesting antennae include other pigments. What is the benefit of these additional pigments? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. increased structural stability of the antenna tighter binding of the antennae to the thylakoid lower anti-oxidant capacity narrower range of wavelength reflection enhanced resonance transfer

narrower range of wavelength reflection

In the Calvin cycle, NADPH is: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. None of the answer options is correct. oxidized and reduced. phosphorylated. reduced. oxidized.

oxidized.

Many photosynthetic prokaryotes are capable of cyclic electron transport only. It is likely that such organisms can _____ but not _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. produce ATP; reduce CO2 produce ATP; reduce H2O produce NADPH; reduce CO2 produce NADPH; oxidize H2O reduce CO2; synthesize carbohydrates

produce ATP; reduce CO2

Organisms with only one photosystem cannot: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. oxidize H2S. reduce H2O. reduce CO2. reduce NADP+. produce O2.

produce O2.

The occurrence of photorespiration _____ CO2 and _____ ATP. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. reduces; produces produces; consumes oxidizes; produces produces; produces consumes; consumes

produces; consumes

Which step of the Calvin cycle would be affected first by a lack of NADPH? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. carboxylation All of these choices are correct. reduction regeneration

reduction

Rubisco is characterized by: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. slow catalysis and the ability to use two substrates. fast catalysis. slow catalysis. the ability to use two substrates.

slow catalysis and the ability to use two substrates.

With the endosymbiotic hypothesis in mind, which of the following within modern-day chloroplasts is likely derived from the cytoplasm of ancestral cyanobacteria that took up residence within a eukaryotic cell? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. thylakoid membrane inner chloroplast membrane stroma grana thylakoid lumen

stroma

The Z scheme refers to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. proton translocation. electron transport. the path of electrons between photosystem II and cytochrome b6f. the use of H2O as an electron source. the changes in the energy level of electron donors during the photosynthetic electron transport chain.

the changes in the energy level of electron donors during the photosynthetic electron transport chain.

The stroma of the land-plant chloroplast is evolutionarily derived from: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic ancestor. the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. the plasma membrane of cyanobacteria. the thylakoid membrane.

the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria.

Photorespiration occurs because: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. there is more O2 than CO2 and rubisco is a selective catalyst. rubisco is a slow catalyst. there is more O2 than CO2 in the atmosphere. rubisco is a selective catalyst. there is more O2 than CO2 and rubisco is a slow catalyst.

there is more O2 than CO2 in the atmosphere.

In the chloroplasts of plant cells, the absorption of light energy and the movement of electrons along an electron transport chain occurs in the _____ and the synthesis of carbohydrates takes place in the _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. inner membrane; cytoplasm thylakoids; matrix inner membrane; stroma thylakoids; stroma inner membrane; matrix

thylakoids; stroma

Collectively, most photosynthesis carried out in the ocean is performed by single-celled organisms as opposed to large, multicellular marine plants. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. true false

true

In photosynthesis, the electrons from _____ are used to reduce _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. oxygen; carbohydrates water; carbohydrates oxygen; NADPH water; carbon dioxide

water; carbon dioxide

Photosystem I is a _____ than photosystem II. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. stronger oxidant and a stronger reductant stronger reductant weaker oxidant stronger oxidant weaker oxidant and a stronger reductant

weaker oxidant and a stronger reductant