Chapter 8: Nail Structure and Growth, Chapter 9: Nail Structure and Growth.
average rate of nail growth
1/10 inch per month
A normal adult's nails grow about ___ per month. 1/8 inch 1/2 inch 1/6 inch 1/12 inch
1/8 inch
The nail has up to _____ layers
100
The nail plate is constructed of about ___ layers of nail cells. 10 100 1,000 10,000
100
What is the average water content of a typical healthy nail? 0 percent 5 to 10 percent 15 to 25 percent 45 to 60 percent
15 to 25 percent
Water content of nails
15-25%
How long does the complete replacement of a fingernail take? 6 to 8 weeks 4 to 6 months 9 to 12 months 2 to 3 months
4 to 6 months
It take the fingernails ______ months to grow from matrix to free edge
4-6
How long does it take for a toenail to be fully replaced? 9 to 12 months 6 to 8 weeks 6 to 8 months 9 to 12 weeks
9 to 12 months
It take the toenails ______ months to grow from matrix to free edge
9-12
the angle the nail file must be on the nail
90 degrees perpendicular from the nail
Which of the following persons typically does not have a lunula? the elderly infants people with long-term illnesses All people typically have a lunula.
All people typically have a lunula.
Answering yes to which of the following questions tells you that the tissue is the eponychium, not the cuticle? Is the tissue adhered directly to the plate, but removable with gentle scraping? Is the tissue any part of the skin that covers the nail matrix and lunula? Is the tissue nonliving and not directly attached to living skin? Is the tissue very thin and colorless, but easily visible under close inspection?
Is the tissue any part of the skin that covers the nail matrix and lunula?
Answering yes to which of the following questions tells you that the tissue is the cuticle and not the eponychium? Is the tissue any part of the skin that grows up to the base of the nail plate? If you cut deep enough into the tissue, will it bleed? Is the tissue living and attached to living skin? Is the tissue very thin and colorless, but easily visible under close inspection?
Is the tissue very thin and colorless, but easily visible under close inspection?
Nails typically grow fastest during which season? Winter Summer Spring Fall
Summer
Onyx
Technical term for nail
matrix
area where the nail plate cells are formed; this area is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate
Which of the following attaches the nail bed to the nail plate? hyponychium eponychium matrix bed epithelium
bed epithelium
The nail bed contains
blood vessels and nerve endings
Normal, healthy nails: grow in a rectangular shape. can grow in a variety of shapes. grow in an oval shape. grow in a squoval shape.
can grow in a variety of shapes.
What causes nail growth rates to change during pregnancy? changing hormone levels. the use of prenatal vitamins. failure to take prenatal vitamins. nail growth rates do not change during pregnancy.
changing hormone levels.
what is the proper way to file a nail
corner to center
Cuticle softeners are not designed for the: lateral sidewalls. hyponychium. cuticle. eponychium.
cuticle
nail cuticle
dead, white tissue attached to the natural nail plate
If the sidewalls and nail groove are injured, the nail may grow back:
deformed
Nails grow ____ on children
fast
A normal, healthy nail is soft. flexible. dull. white.
flexible.
proximal nail fold
fold of normal skin that surrounds the base of the natural nail plate
Which part of the nail plate extends over the tip of the finger or toe? free edge cuticle eponychium hyponychium
free edge
The appearance of the nails is said to reflect the _____ of the body. general health age weight height
general health
Compared to adults' nails, children's nails: grow much more slowly. grow slightly slower. grow at the same rate. grow more quickly.
grow more quickly.
Compared to fingernails, toenails: grow slower, and are thinner. grow faster, and are thicker and smoother. grow faster, and are thinner and harder. grow slower, and are thicker and harder.
grow slower, and are thicker and harder.
A normal nail: grows toward the matrix. grows forward from the matrix. grows toward the ligament. grows away from the ligament.
grows forward from the matrix.
The natural nail is composed mainly of the same fiber protein found in: the lining of the stomach. neurons. blood. hair.
hair.
nail plate
hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the natural nail bed; most visible and functional part of the natural nail unit
The surface of a normal, healthy nail: is rough. is spotted. has hollows. has no grooves.
has no grooves.
Nails are part of the __________ system
integumentary
The natural nail is part of the ___________ system. circulatory respiratory integumentary endocrie
integumentary
Nail growth rates tend to increase dramatically during the _____ trimester of pregnancy. first second last fourth
last
A ___ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place. ligament lunula matrix nail plate
ligament
eponychium
living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area
Compared to the fingernail matrix, the toenail matrix is: shorter. longer. approximately the same size. The toenail does not have a matrix.
longer.
The matrix is embedded in the:
mantle
The _____ is the area where the nail plate cells are formed. lunula matrix nail groove ligament
matrix
The nail root
matrix
Toenails are thicker and harder than fingernails because the ___ of the toenail is longer than that of the fingernail.
matrix
nails grow from the ______.
matrix
The lunula is the visible part of the: matrix. cuticle. free edge. ligament.
matrix.
The nail on which finger typically grows fastest? thumb index finger middle finger ring finger
middle finger
nail growth is fastest on
middle finger
The lower the water content in the nail, the _____ it becomes. darker in color lighter in color more rigid less rigid
more rigid
The ____ is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge. nail unit nail fold nail bed nail groove
nail bed
The folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate are called: nail trails. nail canals. nail folds. nail grooves.
nail folds.
The hardened keratin plate covering the nail bed is called the: cuticle. bed epithelium. natural nail unit. nail plate.
nail plate.
free edge
part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe
The area under the nail plate typically has a ____ appearance in the area that extends from the lunula to the area just before the free edge of the nail. pinkish whitish bluish grayish
pinkish
The function of the cuticle is to
prevent bacteria from entering the body
The function of the hyponychium is to
prevent bacteria from entering the body
The nail plate is: relatively porous to water. relatively resistant to water. very water absorbent. completely waterproof.
relatively porous to water.
What does a cuticle remover do? soften the cuticle moisturize the hyponychium condition the eponychium remove cuticle tissue
remove cuticle tissue
The cuticle's job is to: adhere the nail plate to the nail bed. seal the space between the nail plate and living skin above it. act as a protective barrier between the fingertip and the free edge. produce the nail plate cells.
seal the space between the nail plate and living skin above it.
The shape in which a normal, healthy nail grows depends on the ____ of the matrix. shape age color texture
shape
Nails are more porous than ________.
skin
The nail is an appendage of the: bone. hair. free edge. skin.
skin.
hyponychium
slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the natural nail plate
nail grooves
slits or furrows on the sides of the sidewall
Nails grow ____ on elderly
slow
Nails grow ______ in the winter than they do the summer
slower
toenails grow more ____________ than fingernails
slowly
The nail plate: sits on the nail matrix. slowly slides across the nail bed as it grows. protects the matrix. sits on the free edge.
slowly slides across the nail bed as it grows.
After delivering a child, a woman's nail growth: speeds up dramatically. slows down slightly. slows down dramatically. remains unchanged.
slows down dramatically.
Cuticle tissue is very: easy to remove. dark in color. sticky. rigid.
sticky.
If the matrix is destroyed, then the growth of the nail:
stops
The matrix area does not contains: nerves. lymph. blood vessels. tendons.
tendons.
sidewall or lateral nail fold
the fold in the skin overlapping the side of the nail
nail bed
the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows towards the free edge
nail shape depends on
the shape of the matrix
A longer matrix produces a: thinner nail plate. thicker nail plate. highly curved free edge. slightly curved free edge.
thicker nail plate.
bed epithelium
thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed
nail growth is slowest on
thumb
ligament
tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place
lunula
visible part of matrix that extends from the underneath the living skin; it is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail
When filing the nail properly
you must pull back the sidewalls
