Chapter 8: Nail Structure and Growth, Chapter 9: Nail Structure and Growth.

average rate of nail growth

1/10 inch per month

A normal adult's nails grow about ___ per month. 1/8 inch 1/2 inch 1/6 inch 1/12 inch

1/8 inch

The nail has up to _____ layers

100

The nail plate is constructed of about ___ layers of nail cells. 10 100 1,000 10,000

100

What is the average water content of a typical healthy nail? 0 percent 5 to 10 percent 15 to 25 percent 45 to 60 percent

15 to 25 percent

Water content of nails

15-25%

How long does the complete replacement of a fingernail take? 6 to 8 weeks 4 to 6 months 9 to 12 months 2 to 3 months

4 to 6 months

It take the fingernails ______ months to grow from matrix to free edge

4-6

How long does it take for a toenail to be fully replaced? 9 to 12 months 6 to 8 weeks 6 to 8 months 9 to 12 weeks

9 to 12 months

It take the toenails ______ months to grow from matrix to free edge

9-12

the angle the nail file must be on the nail

90 degrees perpendicular from the nail

Which of the following persons typically does not have a lunula? the elderly infants people with long-term illnesses All people typically have a lunula.

All people typically have a lunula.

Answering yes to which of the following questions tells you that the tissue is the eponychium, not the cuticle? Is the tissue adhered directly to the plate, but removable with gentle scraping? Is the tissue any part of the skin that covers the nail matrix and lunula? Is the tissue nonliving and not directly attached to living skin? Is the tissue very thin and colorless, but easily visible under close inspection?

Is the tissue any part of the skin that covers the nail matrix and lunula?

Answering yes to which of the following questions tells you that the tissue is the cuticle and not the eponychium? Is the tissue any part of the skin that grows up to the base of the nail plate? If you cut deep enough into the tissue, will it bleed? Is the tissue living and attached to living skin? Is the tissue very thin and colorless, but easily visible under close inspection?

Is the tissue very thin and colorless, but easily visible under close inspection?

Nails typically grow fastest during which season? Winter Summer Spring Fall

Summer

Onyx

Technical term for nail

matrix

area where the nail plate cells are formed; this area is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate

Which of the following attaches the nail bed to the nail plate? hyponychium eponychium matrix bed epithelium

bed epithelium

The nail bed contains

blood vessels and nerve endings

Normal, healthy nails: grow in a rectangular shape. can grow in a variety of shapes. grow in an oval shape. grow in a squoval shape.

can grow in a variety of shapes.

What causes nail growth rates to change during pregnancy? changing hormone levels. the use of prenatal vitamins. failure to take prenatal vitamins. nail growth rates do not change during pregnancy.

changing hormone levels.

what is the proper way to file a nail

corner to center

Cuticle softeners are not designed for the: lateral sidewalls. hyponychium. cuticle. eponychium.

cuticle

nail cuticle

dead, white tissue attached to the natural nail plate

If the sidewalls and nail groove are injured, the nail may grow back:

deformed

Nails grow ____ on children

fast

A normal, healthy nail is soft. flexible. dull. white.

flexible.

proximal nail fold

fold of normal skin that surrounds the base of the natural nail plate

Which part of the nail plate extends over the tip of the finger or toe? free edge cuticle eponychium hyponychium

free edge

The appearance of the nails is said to reflect the _____ of the body. general health age weight height

general health

Compared to adults' nails, children's nails: grow much more slowly. grow slightly slower. grow at the same rate. grow more quickly.

grow more quickly.

Compared to fingernails, toenails: grow slower, and are thinner. grow faster, and are thicker and smoother. grow faster, and are thinner and harder. grow slower, and are thicker and harder.

grow slower, and are thicker and harder.

A normal nail: grows toward the matrix. grows forward from the matrix. grows toward the ligament. grows away from the ligament.

grows forward from the matrix.

The natural nail is composed mainly of the same fiber protein found in: the lining of the stomach. neurons. blood. hair.

hair.

nail plate

hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the natural nail bed; most visible and functional part of the natural nail unit

The surface of a normal, healthy nail: is rough. is spotted. has hollows. has no grooves.

has no grooves.

Nails are part of the __________ system

integumentary

The natural nail is part of the ___________ system. circulatory respiratory integumentary endocrie

integumentary

Nail growth rates tend to increase dramatically during the _____ trimester of pregnancy. first second last fourth

last

A ___ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place. ligament lunula matrix nail plate

ligament

eponychium

living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area

Compared to the fingernail matrix, the toenail matrix is: shorter. longer. approximately the same size. The toenail does not have a matrix.

longer.

The matrix is embedded in the:

mantle

The _____ is the area where the nail plate cells are formed. lunula matrix nail groove ligament

matrix

The nail root

matrix

Toenails are thicker and harder than fingernails because the ___ of the toenail is longer than that of the fingernail.

matrix

nails grow from the ______.

matrix

The lunula is the visible part of the: matrix. cuticle. free edge. ligament.

matrix.

The nail on which finger typically grows fastest? thumb index finger middle finger ring finger

middle finger

nail growth is fastest on

middle finger

The lower the water content in the nail, the _____ it becomes. darker in color lighter in color more rigid less rigid

more rigid

The ____ is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge. nail unit nail fold nail bed nail groove

nail bed

The folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate are called: nail trails. nail canals. nail folds. nail grooves.

nail folds.

The hardened keratin plate covering the nail bed is called the: cuticle. bed epithelium. natural nail unit. nail plate.

nail plate.

free edge

part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe

The area under the nail plate typically has a ____ appearance in the area that extends from the lunula to the area just before the free edge of the nail. pinkish whitish bluish grayish

pinkish

The function of the cuticle is to

prevent bacteria from entering the body

The function of the hyponychium is to

prevent bacteria from entering the body

The nail plate is: relatively porous to water. relatively resistant to water. very water absorbent. completely waterproof.

relatively porous to water.

What does a cuticle remover do? soften the cuticle moisturize the hyponychium condition the eponychium remove cuticle tissue

remove cuticle tissue

The cuticle's job is to: adhere the nail plate to the nail bed. seal the space between the nail plate and living skin above it. act as a protective barrier between the fingertip and the free edge. produce the nail plate cells.

seal the space between the nail plate and living skin above it.

The shape in which a normal, healthy nail grows depends on the ____ of the matrix. shape age color texture

shape

Nails are more porous than ________.

skin

The nail is an appendage of the: bone. hair. free edge. skin.

skin.

hyponychium

slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the natural nail plate

nail grooves

slits or furrows on the sides of the sidewall

Nails grow ____ on elderly

slow

Nails grow ______ in the winter than they do the summer

slower

toenails grow more ____________ than fingernails

slowly

The nail plate: sits on the nail matrix. slowly slides across the nail bed as it grows. protects the matrix. sits on the free edge.

slowly slides across the nail bed as it grows.

After delivering a child, a woman's nail growth: speeds up dramatically. slows down slightly. slows down dramatically. remains unchanged.

slows down dramatically.

Cuticle tissue is very: easy to remove. dark in color. sticky. rigid.

sticky.

If the matrix is destroyed, then the growth of the nail:

stops

The matrix area does not contains: nerves. lymph. blood vessels. tendons.

tendons.

sidewall or lateral nail fold

the fold in the skin overlapping the side of the nail

nail bed

the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows towards the free edge

nail shape depends on

the shape of the matrix

A longer matrix produces a: thinner nail plate. thicker nail plate. highly curved free edge. slightly curved free edge.

thicker nail plate.

bed epithelium

thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed

nail growth is slowest on

thumb

ligament

tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place

lunula

visible part of matrix that extends from the underneath the living skin; it is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail

When filing the nail properly

you must pull back the sidewalls