Chapter 8 | MyLab BRADY EMT

What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in the inspired​ air? A. 56 percent B. 21 percent C. 79 percent D. 18 percent

B. 21 percent

What sensory structures are the FIRST to detect arterial blood pressure​ changes? A. Chemoreceptors B. Baroreceptors C. Barometers D. pH monitors

B. Baroreceptors

Which one of the following is MOST likely to lead to anaerobic​ metabolism? A. Normotension B. Hypoventilation C. Oxygen​ rich-atmosphere D. Increased blood volume

B. Hypoventilation

Why is it advisable to assist a patient with using his bronchodilator when he has obvious signs and symptoms of lower airway obstruction due to​ asthma? A. The medication will help to decrease the dead space in the airway. B. The drug in a bronchodilator will make it easier to breathe by reducing airway resistance. C. The medication will increase heart rate and blood flow. D. The medication will slow the heart rate and improve circulation.

B. The drug in a bronchodilator will make it easier to breathe by reducing airway resistance.

What would be the expected result of the body when a patient has massive vasodilation secondary to a severe blood​ infection? A. The respiratory rate will slow down. B. The heart rate and stroke volume will attempt to increase. C. Preload will increase due to venous​ congestion, and thus stroke volume will rise. D. The heart rate will slow down and the stroke volume will increase.

B. The heart rate and stroke volume will attempt to increase.

What is the effect of poor perfusion at the cellular​ level? A. The cells produce too much oxygen to survive. B. The​ sodium/potassium pump fails and causes cellular death. C. The cells cannot eliminate sugar. D. The cells accumulate fats and proteins that take up too much space in the cell.

B. The​ sodium/potassium pump fails and causes cellular death.

What is the name of the amount of air breathed in and out with each individual​ breath? A. Tidal ventilation B. Tidal volume C. Residual volume D. Minute volume

B. Tidal volume

The EMT should know that the role of oxygen in the body​ is: A. an end product of normal cell metabolism. B. required for normal cell metabolism. C. an end product of abnormal cell metabolism. D. carried in the blood as a dissolved ion.

B. required for normal cell metabolism.

The lack of oxygen at the cellular level causes the cells​ to: A. increase ATP production. B. shift to anaerobic metabolism. C. shift to aerobic metabolism. D. disperse waste products.

B. shift to anaerobic metabolism.

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the body by which​ mechanism? A. Chemically bound by hemoglobin B. Attached to red blood cells C. By the bloodstream as a bicarbonate ion D. Dissolved in plasma

C. By the bloodstream as a bicarbonate ion

If the baroreceptors in the aortic root sense a drop in aortic root systolic​ pressure, they will send an impulse to what region of the​ brain, and for what​ purpose? A. Hypothalamus; to stimulate the hormonal release of the adrenocorticotropic hormone​ (ACTH) B. Cerebellum; to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system C. Medulla; to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system D. Cerebrum; to stimulate the vasomotor center

C. Medulla; to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system

Why should EMS providers administer oxygen to a patient suspected of​ hypoxia? A. More oxygen in the inspired air will slow the respiratory rate. B. More oxygen in the inspired air will decrease the absorption of other gases present. C. More oxygen in the inspired air will increase the amount absorbed by the blood. D. More oxygen in the inspired air will raise the respiratory rate.

C. More oxygen in the inspired air will increase the amount absorbed by the blood.

Peripheral chemoreceptors are MOST sensitive to changes in A. pH. B. H2CO3. C. O2. D. CO2.

C. O2.

According to the​ V/Q ratio, why might a patient with an inhalation injury from a burn have poor cellular​ oxygenation? A. The patient is having wasted oxygen inhalation. B. The patient is having wasted carbon monoxide ventilation. C. The patient is having wasted alveolar perfusion. D. The patient is having wasted alveolar ventilation.

C. The patient is having wasted alveolar perfusion.

Which one of the following is correct in regard to the pleural​ space? A. Lung collapse has minimal effect on the process of gas exchange. B. Open chest wounds should be occluded during the secondary assessment. C. The potential space between the pleura maintains a negative pressure. D. Damaged visceral pleura pushes air out of the thorax.

C. The potential space between the pleura maintains a negative pressure.

You are treating a patient with a gunshot wound on his right chest. What will occur if this injury causes a break in the continuity of the parietal​ pleura? A. Less air is drawn into the pleural space. B. The pleural pressure becomes more positive. C. The thorax will increase in size with each inhalation. D. The lung will increase in size.

C. The thorax will increase in size with each inhalation.

What effect would systemic vasoconstriction have on the blood pressure​ (B/P)? A. The​ B/P decreases. B. The​ B/P increases only if the heart rate increases. C. The​ B/P increases. D. The​ B/P remains the same.

C. The​ B/P increases.

What are the main constitutes of​ plasma? A. Water and intracellular fluids B. Water C. Water and proteins D. Intracellular fluid

C. Water and proteins

Oxygen that is bound to hemoglobin is​ called: A. carboxyhemoglobin. B. dioxyhemoglobin. C. oxyhemoglobin. D. deoxyhemoglobin.

C. oxyhemoglobin.

The component of whole blood that is primarily composed of water is​ the: A. electrolytes in solute. B. albumin. C. plasma. D. electrolytes.

C. plasma.

An​ average-sized adult has a tidal volume of approximately how many​ mL? A. 750 B. 1,000 C. 250 D. 500

D. 500

The ability of the body to ventilate is an example of what law of​ physics? A. Charles's law B. Dalton's law C. Henry's law D. Boyle's law

D. Boyle's law

Which of the following may be caused by a disturbance in the​ cell/capillary gas exchange process of peripheral tissue during an episode of​ hypotension? A. Asthma B. Neurogenic shock C. Hypoglycemia D. Hypoxia

D. Hypoxia

Which of the following will occur if central chemoreceptors detect an increase in CO2​? A. Increased rate and decreased depth of respiration B. Decreased rate and increased depth of respiration C. Decreased rate and decreased depth of respiration D. Increased rate and increased depth of respiration

D. Increased rate and increased depth of respiration

What is the basic function of hydrostatic​ pressure? A. It helps to shift fluid from the interstitial spaces into the vascular spaces. B. It helps to shift fluid from the interstitial spaces into the cellular spaces. C. It is a pulling force that keeps fluid in the cells. D. It is a force that pushes fluid out of the vessel or capillary bed.

D. It is a force that pushes fluid out of the vessel or capillary bed.

What effect on lung compliance will occur if a patient has a traumatic lung injury that is causing the pleural cavity to fill with​ blood? A. It will decrease resistance. B. It will increase resistance. C. It will increase lung compliance. D. It will decrease lung compliance.

D. It will decrease lung compliance.

When the diaphragm​ contracts, the​ patient: A. exhales. B. coughs. C. is able to speak. D. inhales.

D. inhales.

The distribution of blood flow through the microcirculation is primarily responsive​ to: A. the postcapillary sphincter. B. sympathetic stimulation. C. parasympathetic stimulation. D. local tissue needs.

D. local tissue needs.

Cardiac output is composed​ of: A. blood pressure and heart rate. B. systemic vascular resistance​ (SVR) and heart rate. C. blood pressure. D. stroke volume and heart rate.

D. stroke volume and heart rate.

If a patient is in​ shock, why does his pulse​ increase? A. Because of sympathetic nervous system stimulation B. Because the heart is stunned C. Because the afterload has been reduced D. Because the body produces caffeine

A. Because of sympathetic nervous system stimulation

What causes the pressure change known as plasma oncotic​ pressure? A. Effect of the large proteins in the bloodstream B. Contraction or relaxation of capillary beds C. Contraction of the left ventricle D. The difference between the arterial and venous concentration of electrolytes

A. Effect of the large proteins in the bloodstream

Why is less pressure required to perfuse the lower lobes compared to the upper lobes of the​ lungs? A. Gravity pulls blood downward. B. The lower lobes have a greater residual volume of air. C. Surface tension is higher in the lower lobes. D. The alveoli in the lower lobes are larger.

A. Gravity pulls blood downward.

From what negative affect regarding gas diffusion in the alveoli would a patient with pulmonary edema​ suffer? A. Inability to oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide B. Respirations starting to slow and become shallow C. Excessive hyperoxia causing free radical damage to healthy tissue D. Too much blood flow causes too much carbon dioxide removal

A. Inability to oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide

What is the name of the ventilatory volume that is calculated by multiplying the tidal volume by the frequency of​ ventilation? A. Minute ventilation B. Respiration frequency C. Tidal volume D. Ventilation volume

A. Minute ventilation

If the patient has a drop in the preload to the​ heart, what will be the effect in the​ patient's peripheral perfusion​ status? A. Peripheral perfusion will likely drop. B. Peripheral perfusion will not be altered. C. Blood vessels will dilate in order to elevate the systolic pressure. D. Peripheral perfusion will increase whenever stroke volume decreases.

A. Peripheral perfusion will likely drop.

Which ion will start to accumulate within the cell should the​ sodium-potassium pump fail following a period of​ hypoxia? A. Sodium B. Carbon dioxide C. Magnesium D. Potassium

A. Sodium

Why should the patient who is in shock be administered​ oxygen? A. The patient may be hypoxic at the cellular level. B. The vessels in the brain are dilated. C. The oxygen helps to increase the blood flow through the lungs. D. The oxygen will help to lower the body temperature.

A. The patient may be hypoxic at the cellular level.

An EMT student who is completing his​ ride-along time is at the station working on his class workbook. He has a definition of a​ term, but he cannot remember the name of the​ term, so he asks you what is defined as the amount of air that moves into and out of the airways in a minute. You​ respond: A. minute volume. B. expiration reserve volume. C. tidal volume. D. residual volume.

A. minute volume.

The process whereby blood travels to the cells of the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients is referred to​ as: A. perfusion. B. aerobic metabolism. C. hypoperfusion. D. anaerobic metabolism.

A. perfusion.

When a patient has a heart irregularity that causes a very fast​ pulse, this can lead to shock due​ to: A. the very limited amount of time for the ventricles to fill. B. a shift of water into the cells. C. too much blood being moved through the vascular system. D. an increase in pressure in the arteries.

A. the very limited amount of time for the ventricles to fill.