Chapter 8 Questions (All Correct)
C
Differences between experts and novices are almost always a function of _____. A. intelligence B. age C. learning D. eagerness E. perseverance
True
Employees with higher levels of expertise may become more highly valued commodities on the job market, thereby reducing their levels of continuance commitment. True False
C
Extinction occurs when a(n): A. unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior. B. unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior. C. consequence following an unwanted behavior is removed. D. positive outcome follows a desired behavior. E. unwanted outcome follows a wanted behavior.
False
Learning refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem. True False
False
Negative reinforcement occurs when there is the removal of a consequence following an unwanted behavior. True False
False
Of the knowledge contained in organizations, 90 percent is explicit knowledge. True False
D
One model of attribution processes suggests that when people have a level of familiarity with the person being judged, they'll use a more detailed decision framework. According to this model, a person's behavior will be attributed to internal factors if there is: A. high consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. B. low consensus, high distinctiveness, and high consistency. C. low consensus, low distinctiveness, and low consistency. D. low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. E. high consensus, high distinctiveness, and low consistency.
True
The performance-avoid orientation is associated with high levels of anxiety and lower levels of learning. True False
E
Which of the following explains why the moderate correlation between learning and job performance may be underestimated? A. Learning seems less relevant to citizenship behavior and counterproductive behavior. B. Higher levels of job knowledge are associated with slight increases in emotional attachment to the firm. C. Employees with higher levels of expertise become more highly valued commodities on the job market. D. It's difficult to fulfill one's job duties if the employee doesn't possess adequate levels of job knowledge. E. It's difficult to measure tacit knowledge, which is relevant to task performance, because of its unspoken nature.
A
Which of the following is a step in the bounded rationality decision-making process? A. Boil the problem down to something that is easily understood. B. Evaluate all the alternatives simultaneously. C. Pick the alternative that maximizes value. D. Use accurate information to evaluate alternatives. E. Develop an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions.
E
Which of the following is true of explicit knowledge? A. It is what employees can learn only through experience. B. Most of the knowledge in a company occurs in this form. C. It cannot be communicated easily from person to person. D. It does not affect the performance of an employee. E. It is a large part of what companies teach in training sessions.
D
_____ is the tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations. A. Availability bias B. A stereotype C. Projection bias D. Selective perception E. Self-serving bias
D
Which two forms of reinforcement deliver intended results without creating feelings of animosity and conflict? A. Positive reinforcement and punishment B. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement C. Negative reinforcement and extinction D. Positive reinforcement and extinction E. Negative reinforcement and punishment
B
_____ occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group. A. Availability bias B. A stereotype C. Projection bias D. Selective perception E. Self-serving bias
D
_____ schedules reinforce behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited. A. Continuous B. Fixed interval C. Variable interval D. Fixed ratio E. Variable ratio
