Chapter 8: Quick Review

What are a few differences between DNA and RNA?

1. ribose vs. deoxyribose 2. double-strand vs. single strand 3. U instead of T

According to the base-pairing rules for DNA, which base pairs with each base listed below? A pairs with ___ C pairs with ___ G pairs with ___ T pairs with ___

A pairs with T C pairs with G G pairs with C T pairs with A

What is the central dogma?

Information flows in one direction: DNA-->RNA-->protein

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

a double helix

Which type of mutation will probably have a larger effect: a point mutation or a frameshift mutation? Explain.

a frameshift mutation would likely have a larger effect because it changes many codons. *a point mutation might also have a large effect, for example, if it changes a codon for an amino acid into a stop codon

Which of the following is an example of a codon? a. AUG b. ACTG c. RNA d. DNA

a. AUG

What is the name of the process by which information from DNA is copied into RNA? a. replication b. transcription c. translation d. mutation

b. transcription

In a multicellular organism, what accounts for the differences between different types of cells?

differences in gene expression

List 3 types of RNA molecules:

messenger RNA (mRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)