Chapter 8 Review

Kurdish

A group that is ethnically __________ and follows the Sunni division dominates northern Iraq and was recently attacked by Turkey.

Nile River

About 95 percent of Egypt's population lives within fifteen miles of the _____________.

Egypt's population

About 95 percent of ________ lives within fifteen miles of the Nile River.

ethnic factions

Afghanistan's national government in the capital city of Kabul has little influence in the country's rural regions in large part due to the many __________ living there.

Jews and Palestinians

After a series of wars and considerable negotiations, the central problems remain: _____________ both want the same land, both groups want Jerusalem to be their capital city, and neither group can find a compromise.

weapons of mass destruction

After the September 11, 2001 attack on the United States, there was a renewed interest in _________.

Arabs

After the fall of the Roman Empire, common bonds of religion and language emerged for the people through the invasion of the ___________, who introduced the Islamic faith.

monotheist

At the time of Islam's founding, _________ belief was not new: Christianity had been around for more than six hundred years. Judaism and Zoroastrianism in Persia had been around for centuries before Christianity.

monotheist belief

At the time of Islam's founding, _________________ was not new: Christianity had been around for more than six hundred years. Judaism and Zoroastrianism in Persia had been around for centuries before Christianity.

fresh water

Availability and control of __________ in this region have typically resulted in the ability of humans to grow food crops and expand their cultural activities.

Palestine

Before Israel was established in 1948, the country was called__________.

Muhammad

By the time of __________, Mecca is said to have been a center of worship to more than 360 deities or gods.

Turkestan

Central Asia is also known as "_________________".

the Taliban

Chaos and anarchy thrived after the Soviet forces withdrew from Afghanistan, but the group known as __________ finally filled the power vacuum.

Abraham

Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all acknowledge __________ as a founding patriarch.

Religious States

Countries are called __________ when religious codes take precedence over civil law.

fertigation

Drip irrigation mixed with fertilizers is called __________.

peripheral economic region

Europe is the core economic region, and North Africa is the _____________________________.

Libya

Extensive systems of canals and pipelines have been developed in ___________ to extract fossil water and use it for agricultural production or for urban purposes.

human rights organizations, legal associations, trade unions, and political parties

In Saudi Arabia __________ are banned.

mutawa'een (religious police)

In Saudi Arabia, the ____________________ have the authority to arrest people for morally offensive actions.

food production

In Yemen, __________ is a primary concern because the population, now more than twenty-seven million, is increasing rapidly.

a Jewish state

In a 1945 meeting in San Francisco, the United Nations accepted a proposal to create __________ carved out of land in Palestine.

mountains, deserts, abundant oil, and abundant natural gas

Iran is a land of __________.

slant drilling oil wells

Kuwait's use of slant drilling oil wells along the Iraqi border was the excuse Hussein needed to invade Kuwait and reclaim it as the nineteenth province of Iraq.

Assyrian, Babylonian, Sumerian, Akkadian

Mesopotamia gave rise to a historical cradle of civilization that included the__________ Empire, established during the Bronze Age.

Egypt

Modern __________ has become the cornerstone of the Arab world; more Arabs live in its capital city than in any other city on Earth.

571

Muhammad was born in Mecca __________ years after the birth of Christ.

African Transition zone

North Africa is separated from Subsaharan Africa by the _________, a transitional area between Islamic-dominated North Africa and animist- and Christian-dominated Subsaharan Africa.

Shia

One division of Muslims thought Muhammad's successor should be a blood relative - this division led to the __________ branch of Islam, which makes up about 15 percent of Muslims.

the Gaza Srip and the West Bank

Palestinians living in __________ generally can only rely on outside support to survive.

Turkey

Possessing a small portion of its land area in Europe and being a member of NATO does not ensure __________ admission to the European Union (EU).

the Sunni Triangle

Sunni Arabs dominate central Iraq in a region often referred to as __________, which includes the three cities of Baghdad, Tikrit, and Ramadi.

Six Days War

The 1967 war solidified the control of the region of Palestine under the Israeli government and placed Israel at greater odds with its Arab neighbors.

Syria

The Alawite sect held power in __________ through the Assad family and has kept the country under military control.

Jewish homeland

The Balfour Declaration of 1917 favored a ______________ .The 1967 war solidified the control of the region of Palestine under the Israeli government and placed Israel at greater odds with its Arab neighbors.

Saudi Arabia

The World Economic Forum's 2016 report on Global Gender Gap Index ranked __________ as low as 141 out of 144 countries for women's equality.

Saudi Arabia

The World Economic Forum's 2016 report on Global Gender Gap Index ranked ___________ as low as 141 out of 144 countries for women's equality.

Turkish

The __________ language and heritage have had the most significant impact on the people of Central Asia.

1967 war

The _____________ solidified the control of the region of Palestine under the Israeli government and placed Israel at greater odds with its Arab neighbors.

religion, ethnicity, & culture

The differences in __________ have always divided southern Sudan from the north.

Saudi Arabia

The holy cities of Mecca and Medina are located in __________.

Levant

The land on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea is frequently referred to as the __________.

a renewable resource

The main problem with Libya's new drinking water system is that underground aquifers are not considered __________.

Aral Sea

The main rivers of Uzbekistan have been heavily diverted for irrigation and are often depleted before reaching their destination at the __________.

Ibadi

The majority of the population in Oman follow the ____________ school of Islam, not the main Sunni and Shia branches.

Oil, Natural Gas

The resource that this realm supplies to the core economic regions of the world is the energy to fuel their economies and maintain their high standard of living.

oil

The resource that this realm supplies to the core economic regions of the world is the energy to fuel their economies and maintain their high standard of living.

Arabian Peninsula

There are no natural lakes or major rivers on the _____________.

Israel

Though most of the population in the Middle East is Islamic, there are exceptions, such as in __________, which has a Jewish majority.

Dry or arid

Though various climate types can be found in this realm, the __________ climate dominates and covers most of the physical area.

Angel Gabriel

Tradition states that the __________ appeared to Muhammad while he was meditating in a mountain cave in 610 CE, when he was about forty years old.

Gabriel

Tradition states that the angel _________ appeared to Muhammad while he was meditating in a mountain cave in 610 CE, when he was about forty years old.

Ottoman Empire

Turkey is the only remaining country of the vast __________, which ruled the region for nearly seven hundred years.

France, Russia, and China

When the United States invaded in 2003, Saddam Hussein was contracting billions of dollars worth of projects to oil companies in _______________________.

Shia

_________ Muslims look to the family and community for leadership.

Natural resources

__________ are the main attraction of the Middle East region driving the economic forces that determine the development patterns of individual countries.

Islam

__________ is considered the world's second-largest religion.

Sharia Law

__________ is the basic criminal code in Saudi Arabia, along with whatever law is established by the king.

Kazakhstan

__________ is the world's largest landlocked nation.

The Lebanon Mountains

______________ reach as much as ten thousand feet in elevation and allow for the operation of ski resorts.

Jordan

_____________________ had about 6.6 million legal residents in 2017. Much of the aid to support the refugees must come from outside sources as Jordan does not have many ways to gain national wealth.

The Arabian Peninsula

_______________________ is a desert environment surrounded by saltwater bodies.

Balfour Declaration

________________________, (November 2, 1917), statement of British support for "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people."

Extensive systems of canals and pipelines

have been developed in Libya to extract fossil water and use it for agricultural production or for urban purposes.

Sunni Muslims

mainly rely on the Sunnah, a record of the teachings and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad to guide their actions.

Shia Muslims

rely more heavily on their ayatollahs, whom they see as a sign of God on earth.