Chapter 8

A nurse is asked, "Why are you so rarely in the department office?" Which of the following would be the most appropriate response? a. "I have to be where the people are." b. "I prefer to write my reports in my car immediately after my intervention." c. "I thought I was paid to be in the community, not the office." d. "I try to avoid paperwork as much as possible."

a. "I have to be where the people are."

Which of the following is most likely to determine if a health education program will create change? a. Amount of input and participation by learners b. Funds available for obtaining educational resources c. Participant attendance at the entire program d. Quality of the instructors involved in the program

a. Amount of input and participation by learners

A nurse is trying to determine a client's reading level. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? a. Ask the client if he/she finds it useful to have someone help when receiving written materials from the physician. b. Ask the client to assess his or her own health literacy and give examples. c. Determine the number of years of formal education the client completed. d. Use a literacy assessment tool, many of which are in the literature.

a. Ask the client if he/she finds it useful to have someone help when receiving written materials from the physician.

A nurse has instructed a client several times what he needs to do to get better, but the client has not followed these instructions. Which of the following offers the best explanation for this behavior? a. Barriers prevent action. b. The client does not understand. c. The client does not really care. d. Barriers prevent desire to change.

a. Barriers prevent action.

A nurse is teaching a coworker about effective strategies to use when providing health education. Which of the following suggestions would most likely be included? (Select all that apply.) a. Be encouraging and give positive feedback for helpful comments b. Include details about each aspect of the information c. Decide what the client needs to know d. Review and summarize the key points at periodic intervals e. Incorporate demonstrations, illustrations, and real-life examples f. Use medical terminology so clients can look up more information later

a. Be encouraging and give positive feedback for helpful comments d. Review and summarize the key points at periodic intervals e. Incorporate demonstrations, illustrations, and real-life examples

A nurse is helping clients to change their behavior. Which of the following would be most effective? a. Counseling through the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach b. Encouraging them to interact with others who also need to change their behavior c. Showing them how the inappropriate behavior is hurting their friends and family d. Using subtle rewards when small steps are taken toward the appropriate behavior

a. Counseling through the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach

Which of the following can be found in both the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Pender's Health Promotion Model? (Select all that apply.) a. Cues to action b. Demographics c. Perceived barriers d. Perceived benefits e. Perceived severity f. Perceived susceptibility

a. Cues to action b. Demographics c. Perceived barriers d. Perceived benefits

Which of the following methods is most consistent with Freire's approach to empowerment? a. Encouraging active participation and dialogue in critical reflection b. Recognizing that the best resources to create change are found in powerful leaders c. Reminding learners of their responsibility for their own learning d. Using the "banking" approach with nurses sharing their expertise with patients

a. Encouraging active participation and dialogue in critical reflection

Which of the following variables are missing from both the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Health Promotion Model (HPM)? (Select all that apply.) a. Ignoring the impact of being socially and politically disenfranchised b. Inaccessibility of health services c. Nurse's responsibility to give power and control to the individual and the community d. Omitting the influence of social, structural, and physical environmental factors e. Reality of negative outcomes if appropriate behavioral changes are not made f. Recognizing the influence of families on the individual's decisions

a. Ignoring the impact of being socially and politically disenfranchised b. Inaccessibility of health services d. Omitting the influence of social, structural, and physical environmental factors

Which of the following best describes why community health education programs are important? a. It provides a way to reinforce voluntary behavior changes. b. Health education is an area that has desperately needed improvement. c. Health education prevents the occurrence of disease. d. It is the most cost-effective way of improving health.

a. It provides a way to reinforce voluntary behavior changes.

A nurse is implementing a comprehensive and entertaining educational program. Which of the following actions must the nurse complete first? a. Be sure all the electronics (such as the computer showing the PowerPoint slides) are working. b. Develop an open and trusting relationship with participants. c. Distribute evaluation materials to participants. d. Greet each participant, and welcome him or her to the event.

b. Develop an open and trusting relationship with participants

Which of the following best describes one of the most fundamental nursing principles suggested by Nightingale? a. Be open to the patient's preferences and priorities. b. Engage in health teaching. c. Keep the focus on individualized care for each person. d. Meet physical needs, such as air, food, and water, first.

b. Engage in health teaching.

Which of the following needs to be considered when using the Health Belief Model (HBM)? a. Prior behaviors b. Perceived benefits c. Health promoting behaviors d. Personal benefits

b. Perceived benefits

A nurse involved with a community group told peers that the group was learning networking, negotiating, lobbying, and information seeking. Which of the following provides the best explanation for why the nurse is not working toward a noticeable improvement in health status for the group? (Select all that apply.) a. The nurse cannot improve the health of the group alone. b. There are ways that these skills will be useful throughout the participants' life span. c. The nurse is focused on teaching, not direct interventions. d. There are no immediate solutions to the current health problems in most communities. e. The nurse is still trying to obtain free health care for the group participants. f. There are not enough resources to change the health status of the group.

b. There are ways that these skills will be useful throughout the participants' life span. d. There are no immediate solutions to the current health problems in most communities.

A very busy day is planned at a community health fair, and a nurse spends time greeting and meeting each person who walks in. Which of the following best describes the rationale for this action? a. To distribute evaluation forms immediately so the participants can fill in the appropriate answers after each interaction with a professional b. To immediately establish a friendly relationship and a level of trust c. To make sure everyone knew who was sponsoring this free event d. To most efficiently send the person to the area consistent with his or her apparent health need

b. To immediately establish a friendly relationship and a level of trust

A nurse is trying to improve on providing culturally effective care in the community. Which of the following behaviors would be most effective to meet this goal? a. Being willing to change communication patterns to increase client comfort b. Demonstrating expertise in recognizing physiological differences caused by ethnicity c. Exhibiting sensitivity to individual differences resulting from culture and experiences d. Expressing the importance of valuing diversity and differences

c. Exhibiting sensitivity to individual differences resulting from culture and experiences

Which of the following best describes the operational definition of "health literacy" in the United States? a. Being able to read and write at the fifth-grade level b. Being able to accurately complete a health self-assessment questionnaire c. Knowing how to access and use information to make health decisions d. Knowing one's right to obtain health care services

c. Knowing how to access and use information to make health decisions

Which of the following best describes what Knowles says is especially typical of adult learners? (Select all that apply.) a.Barriers such as low self-esteem must be ignored when sharing information. b. Learning is based on what knowledge will be needed in the future. c. Learning draws on the learner's previous life experiences. d. They need to know why professionals think this knowledge is important. e. Sharing experiences with others enriches and motivates learning. f. They want information related to current developmental tasks.

c. Learning draws on the learner's previous life experiences. e. Sharing experiences with others enriches and motivates learning. f. They want information related to current developmental tasks.

Which of the following factors is found in the Health Belief Model (HBM) but not in Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM)? a. Individual perception b. Likelihood of action c. Personal threat as motivator d. Self-efficacy

c. Personal threat as motivator

Which of the following best describes why health education in the community is more effective than health education in a hospital or clinic? a. Being in the patient's home emphasizes the importance of the teaching. b. It is easier to focus on the nurse's words and demonstrations outside of health settings. c. The setting is familiar and comfortable to participants. d. There are too many interruptions in hospitals and clinics.

c. The setting is familiar and comfortable to participants.

A nurse is planning a health education program in the community. Which of the following considerations must be made by the nurse? a. The listed priorities of Healthy People 2020 b. The skills and abilities of the nurse educator c. The sociopolitical cultural context of the community's environment d. What learning materials have already been created and are available for use

c. The sociopolitical cultural context of the community's environment

During a health education program, a nurse continues to ask questions and encourages attendees to contribute examples from their own lives relevant to the discussion. Which of the following best describes the rationale for the nurse's action? a. To avoid having to prepare more material related to the topic b. To let the participants feel appreciated and knowledgeable c. To allow the participants to learn by doing through active participation d. To apply Freire's principles of learning

c. To allow the participants to learn by doing through active participation

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of both the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Health Promotion Model (HPM) models? a. To create an alternative to analyzing each individual person's motivation b. To find a more efficient way to explain behavior to other professionals c. To help explain why individuals do or do not engage in health actions d. To assist professionals in knowing how to intervene in client decisions

c. To help explain why individuals do or do not engage in health actions

Which of the following led to the creation of the Health Belief Model (HBM)? a. Attempting to create an educational program that people would choose to attend b. Attempting to explain why people acted as if they were immortal and immune from danger c. Attempting to understand why people chose unhealthy and high-risk behaviors d. Attempting to understand why people did not flock to free health care

d. Attempting to understand why people did not flock to free health care

A nurse is teaching diabetic self-care in a small group. Which of the following is the most important action for the nurse to take? a. Assess group needs each day before beginning b. Create new and innovative teaching approaches for each session c. Implement the most effective teaching methods d. Listen carefully to understand participants' issues

d. Listen carefully to understand participants' issues

A nurse wants to make sure that the teaching materials and the communication channels being planned for use during an educational program will be effective. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Create materials based on the goals of the program, assuming a low literacy level b. Determine the reading level of the audience and the materials to be distributed c. Only use materials that have been professionally developed by a commercial group d. Pretest the materials with members of the target group to obtain feedback

d. Pretest the materials with members of the target group to obtain feedback

Which of the following best describes the goal of participatory action research? a. Analytical epidemiological findings b. Careful descriptive research studies c. Experimental studies using both experimental and control groups d. Social change resulting from stakeholders' strategies

d. Social change resulting from stakeholders' strategies

A nurse is using the Framework for Developing Health Communications to create a health program in the community. Which of the following is the first step the nurse would take? a. Determine factors related to the health problems, such as low socioeconomic status or educational level b. Assess health resources available (e.g., money, staff, materials) c. Establish goals and objectives that are prioritized and time specific d. Target the program to meet the audience's learning needs as they perceive them

d. Target the program to meet the audience's learning needs as they perceive them

A nurse who is providing education spends more time being quiet than giving information. Which of the following best explains this behavior? a. The nurse had previously reviewed the day's material. b. The nurse is demonstrating respect for the participants. c. The nurse is encouraging group discussion. d. The nurse is listening to the group's dialogue to identify problems.

d. The nurse is listening to the group's dialogue to identify problems

A nurse is selecting goals for an educational program. Which of the following methods should be used? a. Ask the formal leadership of a community what the learning needs are. b. Interview informal leaders about the learning needs of the community. c. Use the expertise of professional nurses skilled at assessing needs. d. The target audience must determine their needs and priorities.

d. The target audience must determine their needs and priorities.

Which of the following is the best way to assess if learning has occurred? a. There is an appreciation for the new knowledge and skills learned. b. Participants passed an examination designed to measure learning. c. Participants stayed attentive throughout the program. d. There is a long-term change in knowledge and behavior.

d. There is a long-term change in knowledge and behavior.

When handed the consent form to sign before treatment could be given, a client looked at the nurse and said, "I'm sorry; I forgot my glasses today." Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? a. Ask if the client can use a magnifying glass to better see the form b. Suggest the client bring his glasses or someone else with him to assist with the forms c. Tell the patient why the form was necessary and point to where the patient should sign d. Wonder if the patient might have difficulty with reading and therefore summarize the content of the form for the client

d. Wonder if the patient might have difficulty with reading and therefore summarize the content of the form for the client