Chapter 8 : Supporting Your Ideas
Because numbers can be interpreted in many ways, what should a speaker avoid when including numbers in a speech?
Biased sources
Which three questions should you answer "yes" to when analyzing your use of statistics in a speech?
Do I relate the statistics to the audience Are my numbers from a reliable source Do I use the statistics to quantify my ideas
True or False : It is generally better to use statistics from a company or an organization that has vested interest in the figures.
False
True or False: Listeners do not generally care whether or not a speaker provides the source of his or her statistics.
False
True or False: Statistics cannot be distorted or manipulated
False
True or False: Visual aids take too much time to use effectively in a speech.
False
Which are two benefits of using peer testimony in a speech?
It has an emotional impact it provides authenticity
Which statements about expert testimony are true?
It is especially important to use when your speech is on a controversial topic It lends credibility to your speeches
Using quotes accurately involves which of the following?
Making sure you do not quote out of context Making sure you do not skew the meaning of paraphrased statements Making sure you do not misquote anyone
What is one way to lend credibility to a speech?
Mentioning the sources of statistics
Darren feels confident that his speech !!!!
No, because his testimony is likely to be biased by sources whose work depends on the plastics industry
Which three tips are suggested for using statistics?
Round off numbers Name the source of statistics Use numbers sparingly
Polly is giving a speech about the world economy. She offers interesting statistics about the gross domestic product of several countries, all of which are in the billions of dollars. How could Polly have improved her speech?
She could have translated the large numbers into terms listeners can relate to.
Tansie was preparing a speech about the value of final exams for high school seniors. To gather some statistics, she asked 10 of her friends in the junior class for their opinion. Six were against final exams, and four supported them. Why are Tansie's statistics not usable?
She only asked 10 people, which is not a large enough sample. She only spoke with friends, which is not representative of the student body. She only spoke with juniors, which is not representative of the student body.
When using statistics in a speech, a speaker should ensure which of the following?
That the statistics are representative of what they claim to measure
Although you do not need to recite all of the information in your Works Cited list about your source, which of the following should you typically include in your oral citations?
The type of document, the author, the date published, and the author's qualifications
In your speech, you discuss the health problems of obese children. Which source would be the most credible and reliable source of testimony?
U.S. Centers for Disease Control
What are the key points to keep in mind when using testimony in a speech?
Use qualified sources Paraphrase accurately Quote accurately Use unbiased sources
Which three are guidelines for the effective use of statistics?
Use statistics sparingly Explain any statistics that are used Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends
Which are three ways to enhance your delivery of extended examples during a speech?
Vary the speed at which you speak Vary your voice volume Use eye contact
A speaker should be wary of testimony from self-interested, or _______, sources.
biased
What are the three basic kinds of examples used as support for a speech?
brief examples hypothetical examples extended examples
When you are presenting your speech to an audience and are using testimony, statistics, or examples, it is important to remember to:
cite your sources orally
To quote or paraphrase someone correctly, it is essential that you follow which three suggestions?
do not quote out of context do not misquote do not violate the meaning of the statements being paraphrased
Speakers have a or an _________ responsibility to use testimonies accurately and effectively.
ethical
Peer testimony works well in a speech when you need a statement from someone who has ______ on the topic.
experience
What are two major kinds of testimony?
expert and peer
Which term is used to describe quotations or paraphrases from an authority in a given field?
expert testimony
Certain types of examples can personalize your ideas by adding ______ interest to them.
human
When using testimony, which two things about the source should you be certain about?
it is unbiased it is qualified on the subject at hand
One of the most important steps when using statistics in a speech is to make sure that the numbers are:
meaningful
In statistics, the ________ is the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.
mode
The mean, the median, and the ______ are basic statistical measures that determine characteristics of a given group of numbers.
mode
Citing the views of experts can make a speech
more persuasive
According to 19th century physicist Lord Kelvin, when a person can measure and express what they are speaking about in ________, they have proved that they know something about the topic.
numbers
Rick explained, "Sue said that turning the faucet clockwise three times will stop the dripping." Carmen added, "Sue said, 'These rotations always fix the problem.'" If both Rick and Carmen were reporting accurately, then Rick ______ Sue, and Carmen ______ Sue.
paraphrased; quoted
Samantha explained her grandmother's trick for grilling hamburgers by saying, "To yield the juiciest burgers, my grandmother told me she would make a small impression on the top of the burger, then she would place a small ice cube in that indentation while the burger grills." Samantha was ______ her grandmother.
paraphrasing
If you quoted your sister about her experience at summer camp, you are using what type of testimony?
peer testimony
___________ is the term for using another person's ideas or words without giving credit to that person.
plagiarism
Using the opinions of people who have special experience or knowledge about a topic, a speaker can give their ideas greater impact by doing which two things?
quoting paraphrasing
Unless there is a compelling reason otherwise, what should a speaker do to numbers before citing them in a speech?
round them off
You have decided to take up running. You have a friend who has been running and coaching a long time. She tells you to go to a specialty store and look for lightweight, flexible running shoes rather than buying cheap shoes online, so you do. You were influenced by her:
testimony
Alana wanted to speak about climate conditions that might favor tornado formation in the United States. For testimony she used a document by researchers Schaefer and Marzban on the NOAA website, and she said, "Schaefer and Tatom (1998) looked at the mean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the strip 5 deg. N to 5 deg. S and 180 deg. W to 150 deg. W and wrote, 'A Kruskal-Wallis H test was then used to see if any difference in different tornado measures exists between El Niño, La Niña and neutral years. Also the entire contiguous U.S. and three sub-areas were considered. All six of these combinations failed to have significance at the 99 percent level. One could not state with confidence that El Niño/La Niña had any effect on tornado or strong tornado activity.'" Why should she have paraphrased instead of using a direct quotation?
the quotation is longer than two or three sentences the wording of the quotation is cumbersome and contains technical terms
When using costs or other monetary measures from different years as a statistic in a speech, it is important to consider the _________ of the dollar in terms of inflation.
value
Some statistics are better understood when the audience can actually see them, such as in a graph. What are these types of support materials called?
visual aids
One of the most important tips for using extended examples is to:
work on expressive delivery
