chapter 8 test

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________. A) cruciate ligaments B) patellar ligaments C) anterior ligaments D) tibial collateral ligaments

A) cruciate ligaments

What can cause gouty arthritis? A) excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints B) a disorder in the body's immune system resulting in destruction of joints C) a thickening of the synovial membrane and a decrease in fluid production D) a bacterial infection in the bursae

A) excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________. A) hyaline cartilage B) synovial membranes C) fibrocartilage D) tendon sheaths

A) hyaline cartilage

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped? A) the patellar ligament B) the medial patellar retinacula C) the lateral patellar retinacula D) the extracapsular ligament

A) the patellar ligament

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true? A) Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses. B) All synovial joints are freely movable. C) Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable. D) In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.

B) All synovial joints are freely movable.

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________. A) menisci B) bursae C) ligaments D) tendons

B) bursae

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________. A) hands B) feet C) arms D) hands and the feet

B) feet

Which of the following is a true statement? A) The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process. B) The greater tubercle of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula. C) The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint. D) The anular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.

D) The anular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Name the two bones of the hand that articulate to form a saddle joint. A) The scaphoid of the index finger and the triquetrum of the middle finger. B) The trapezium of the ring finger and the capitate of the fourth finger. C) The scaphoid of the middle finger and lunate of the index finger. D) The trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal.

D) The trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal.

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements? A) They allow movement only in one plane. B) They allow movement in several planes. C) They occur only between bones with flat articular processes. D) They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.

D) They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses? A) amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility B) interphalangeal joints C) joints that permit angular movements D) cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

D) cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint. A) syndesmosis B) suture C) synchondrosis D) gomphosis

D) gomphosis

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint? A) suture B) synchondrosis C) symphysis D) hinge joint

D) hinge joint

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is (are) damaged as a result? A) oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligament B) suprapatellar C) arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate D) medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate

D) medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint. A) nonaxial B) uniaxial C) biaxial D) multiaxial

D) multiaxial

Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to keeping the articular surfaces of diarthroses in contact? A) structure and shape of the articulating bone B) arrangement and tension of the muscles C) strength and tension of joint ligaments D) number of bones in the joint

D) number of bones in the joint

Fibrous joints are classified as ________. A) pivot, hinge, and ball and socket B) symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular C) hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal D) sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

D) sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue? A) symphysis B) synchondrosis C) pivot D) syndesmosis

D) syndesmosis

A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids.

FALSE

All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.

FALSE

Cruciate ligaments are important ligaments that stabilize all ball-and-socket joints.

FALSE

Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa.

FALSE

Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.

FALSE

Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility.

FALSE

The ligamentum teres represents a very important stabilizing ligament for the hip joint.

FALSE

The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.

FALSE

The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.

FALSE

The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.

TRUE

Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________.

protraction

The type of joint between the carpal and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint.

saddle

Partial dislocation of a joint is called a ________.

subluxation

The joint between the frontal and parietal bones is called a ________ joint.

suture

The hip joint, like the shoulder joint, is a ________ joint.

ball-and-socket

A ________ is a fluid-filled sac a tendon slides over.

bursa

Using the functional classification, a freely movable joint would be called a ________ joint.

diarthrosis

Turning the foot medially at the ankle would be called ________.

inversion

Tendon sheaths ________. A) act as friction-reducing structures B) are lined with dense irregular connective tissue C) form channels for tendons D) help anchor the tendon to the muscle

A) act as friction-reducing structures

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________. A) amphiarthroses B) synarthroses C) diarthroses D) synovial joints

A) amphiarthroses

Which ligament holds the radius to the ulna at the proximal end? A) anular B) ulnar collateral C) radial collateral D) iliofemoral

A) anular

The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement.

TRUE

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements? A) Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints. B) Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs. C) Gliding movements are multiaxial. D) An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head.

A) Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

Which of the following is a correct statement about development of joints? A) Joints develop in parallel with bones. B) By the end of the fourth week, fetal synovial joints resemble adult joints. C) All fibrous joints are in the adult form by the time of birth. D) Joints develop independent of bone growth.

A) Joints develop in parallel with bones.

What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called? A) abduction B) adduction C) inversion D) dorsiflexion

A) abduction

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________. A) the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella B) lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements C) cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together D) the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly

B) lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements

The gliding motion of the wrist is accomplished because of the ________ joint. A) hinge B) plane C) pivot D) condyloid

B) plane

Pointing the toes is an example of ________. A) circumduction B) plantar flexion C) pronation D) protraction

B) plantar flexion

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________. A) common due to the weight bearing the hip endures B) rare because of the ligament reinforcement C) common in all people who are overweight D) rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint

B) rare because of the ligament reinforcement

Which of the following is not a part of the synovial joint? A) joint cavity B) tendon sheath C) articular cartilage D) articular capsule

B) tendon sheath

An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is ________. A) the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends B) the radius and ulna along its length C) between the vertebrae D) between the humerus and the glenoid cavity

B) the radius and ulna along its length

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid? A) It contains enzymes only. B) It contains lactic acid. C) It contains hyaluronic acid. D) It contains hydrochloric acid.

C) It contains hyaluronic acid.

________ are cartilaginous joints. A) Syndesmoses B) Sutures C) Synchondroses D) Gomphoses

C) Synchondroses

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________. A) flexion B) extension C) hyperextension D) circumduction

C) hyperextension

Which of the following conditions is generally considered a noninflammatory type of arthritis? A) bursitis B) tendonitis C) osteoarthritis D) rheumatoid arthritis

C) osteoarthritis

Synarthrotic joints ________. A) are found at the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis of growing bone B) are cartilaginous joints C) permit essentially no movement D) have large joint cavities

C) permit essentially no movement

The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________. A) tend to run parallel to one another B) are also called collateral ligaments C) prevent hyperextension of the knee D) assist in defining the range of motion of the leg

C) prevent hyperextension of the knee

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________. A) attach tendons B) produce red blood cells (hemopoiesis) C) provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints D) form the synovial membrane

C) provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

What are menisci? A) cavities lined with cartilage B) small sacs containing synovial fluid C) semilunar cartilage pads D) tendon sheaths

C) semilunar cartilage pads

A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________. A) suture B) syndesmosis C) symphysis D) gomphosis

C) symphysis

Multiaxial joints of the body include ________. A) the knee and elbow B) the ankle and wrist C) the hip and shoulder D) intercarpal and intertarsal joints

C) the hip and shoulder

Movement allowed in a pivot joint is known as ________. A) biaxial movement B) flexion C) uniaxial rotation D) extension

C) uniaxial rotation

Why are epiphyseal plates considered temporary joints?

Once long bone growth in length is complete, the cartilage of the epiphyseal plates ossifies to become a permanent synostosis.

A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.

TRUE

A movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior is supination.

TRUE

A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint.

TRUE

Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.

TRUE

Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.

TRUE

Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.

TRUE

Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris.

TRUE

Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood.

TRUE

The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints.

TRUE

The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.

TRUE

The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.

TRUE