Chapter 9 (2:?) part 1 Piaget
Vision
Babies are nearsighted at birth due to lack of convergence-ability to focus both eyes on an object. newborns prefer to look at complex objects like faces.
sensorimotor stage (stage 1)
Piaget's 1st stage of cognitive development, in which infants learn schemas through their senses and motor abilities.
Preoperational stage (stage 2)
Piaget's second stage of cognitive development, characterized by the use of symbols and illogical thought
concrete operations
Piaget's third stage of cognitive development, characterized by logical thought
Formal operations (last stage)
Piagets' last stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to engage in abstract thought.
depth perception and visual cliff
Gibson and Walker created a apparatus called visual cliff to observe at what age infants would or would not cross over a surface where it appeared to drop off.
other senses
Taste- infants taste buds are functional at birth ;like sweet taste,touch-very responsive to touch this stimulates growth, brain/cognitive growth. Smell-born with acute sense of smell after 3 days from birth babies can discriminate mother's scent from others.
schema
a mental idea concept or thought
Piaget's theory of cognitive development
a theory of development that centers on the accommodation and assimilation of the aspects of a child's environment that occurs sequentially in four stages; sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operations stage, and formal operations stage.
Cognition
the ability to know, think, and remenber
centration
the act of focusing on only one aspect or feature of an object
egocentrism
the belief that everyone thinks as you do
accommodation
the process by which a schema is changed, modified, or created anew in the order to understand something new in the environment
assimilation
the process by which an existing schema is used to understand something new in the environment
symbolic thinking
the understanding that an object can be represented with a symbol such as bodily gestures or language.
object permanence
the understanding that an object continues to exist even when its is not present.
conservation
the understanding that an object retains its original properties even though it may look different
hearing
unborn babies react to sounds in the womb around 20th week. recognize mothers voice, and can remember simple speech sounds within a day of hearing them, learn the diff from consonant sounds like d/p. prefer soft and rhythmic sounds do not like loud noises.
Ways of Perceptual Development
vision, depth perception, hearing, other senses
