Test 5
1. A non-grid exposure requires 15 mAs. How much mAs is needed if a 5:1 ratio grid is used? a. 15 mAs b. 30 mAs c. 45 mAs d. 60 mAs
b. 30 mAs
1. How much mAs will be generated if the control panel is set at 200 mA and 1/5 second ? a. 20 mAs b. 40 mAs c. 80 mAs d. 100 mAs
b. 40 mAs
1. Which of the following will produce the largest image? a. 40" SID, 3" OID b. 40" SID, 5" OID c. 72" SID, 3" OID d. 72" SID, 5" OID
b. 40" SID, 5" OID
1. A sampling frequency of 10 pixels per millimeter would produce how much spatial resolution? a. 1 line pair per millimeter b. 5 line pair per millimeter c. 10 line pair per millimeter d. 20 line pair per millimeter
b. 5 line pair per millimeter
1. How many milliseconds are in .05 seconds? a. 5 b. 50 c. 500 d. 5000
b. 50
1. Each cell of an image matrix is called what? a. A square b. A pixel c. An element d. A byte
b. A pixel
1. If the SID is increased the same as the OID, what will the resultant radiograph show? a. No change in size distortion b. An increase in size distortion c. A decrease in size distortion d. An elongated image
b. An increase in size distortion
1. Because of the anode heel effect, where is the intensity of the x-ray beam the greatest? a. At the anode end b. At the cathode end c. At the rotor end d. In the center of the beam
b. At the cathode end
1. Luminance refers to the brightness of the light emitted from an image display monitor. What are the SI units for luminance? a. Joules per volt b. Candela per square meter c. Coulombs per meter squared d. Newtons per watt
b. Candela per square meter
1. Which of the following radiographic procedures requires a long scale of contrast? a. Lumbar spine b. Chest c. Myelography d. Angiography
b. Chest
1. In radiography, an object that is larger than its true size is said to be: a. Blown up b. Skewed c. Magnified d. Huge
c. Magnified
1. Which of the following is the most important factor in controlling size distortion? a. Focal spot size b. SID c. OID d. Exposure time
c. OID
1. Changing the mAs controls which of the following? a. Penetrating power of the x-ray beam b. Quality of the x-ray beam c. Quantity of the x-ray beam d. Average photon energy of the x-ray beam
c. Quantity of the x-ray beam
1. An insufficient amount of mAs will produce a digital image with: a. Distortion b. Loss of contrast c. Quantum noise d. Loss of brightness
c. Quantum noise
1. What is the main reason why beam filters are used in radiography? a. Improves contrast b. Improves radiographic quality c. Reduces patient exposure d. Prolongs tube life
c. Reduces patient exposure
1. Which of the following factors will not have an effect on contrast? a. Patient b. Grid ratio c. SID d. Radiation fog
c. SID
1. Which of the following may be the cause of an overexposed image? a. mAs is too low b. OID is too high c. SID is too low d. Grid ratio is too high
c. SID is too low
1. Which of the following will occur when the tube angle is decreased? a. The image will be foreshortened b. Contrast will be lower c. Shape distortion will decrease d. Size distortion will increase
c. Shape distortion will decrease
1. Spatial resolution can be improved by which of the following? a. Higher contrast b. Greater brightness c. Smaller focal spot size d. Air gap technique
c. Smaller focal spot size
1. The SID should be reduced by 1 inch for every ??? degrees of the CR angle. a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20
a. 5
1. Which of the following describes a short scale of contrast? a. High contrast b. Low contrast c. High number of brightness differences d. Greater film latitude
A. High contrast
1. Fog will have the greatest adverse effect on which of the following? a. Low brightness areas of the image b. Middle range brightness areas of the image c. High brightness areas of the image d. Maximum brightness areas of the image
A. Low brightness areas of the image
1. Size distortion is affected by which of the following? a. Intrinsic factors b. Geometric factors c. Motion factors d. Technical factors
B. Geometric factors
1. Scatter radiation will have the greatest effect on which of these radiographic qualities? a. Spatial resolution b. Receptor exposure c. Contrast d. Distortion
C. Contrast
1. Which of the following effects will result from precise collimation? 1. Less biological tissue is exposed 2. Less scatter radiation is produced 3. Radiographic quality is produced a. 1 & 2 only b. 1 & 3 only c. 2 & 3 only d. 1, 2, & 3
D. 1, 2, & 3
1. Which of the following is NOT considered one of the geometric factors that control spatial resolution? a. OID b. SID c. Focal spot size d. Size of the object
D. Size of the object
A light radiograph may be caused by which of the following? 1. Grid cutoff 2. SID too low 3. Grid ratio too low a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 & 3 only
a. 1 only
How does magnification affect image quality? 1. Decreases spatial resolution 2. Decreases receptor exposure 3. Lowers contrast a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 2 & 3 only d. 1, 2, & 3
a. 1 only
Why is contrast needed in a radiographic image? 1. Makes detail visible 2. Increases sharpness of detail 3. Decreases need for distortion a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 & 2 only
a. 1 only
1. Which of the following imaging plates should be selected to produce an image with the best spatial resolution? a. 18 cm x 24 cm (8x10) b. 24 cm x 30 cm (10 x 12) c. 30 cm x 35 cm (11x14) d. 35 cm x 43 cm (14x17)
a. 18 cm x 24 cm (8x10)
1. A detector element (DEL) size of 200 microns will produce how much spatial resolution? a. 2.5 line pairs per millimeter b. 5.0 line pairs per millimeter c. 7.5 line pairs per millimeter d. 10 line pairs per millimeter
a. 2.5 line pairs per millimeter
1. When an object is placed halfway between the tube and image receptor, the image will be how many times larger? a. 2x b. 3x c. 4x d. 8x
a. 2x
1. What is the magnification if an object measure 4 cm but the radiographic image is 8 cm? a. 2x b. 3x c. 4x d. 6x
a. 2x (8/4 alt is SID/SOD)
1. How much should kVp be increased when radiographing a part in a fiberglass orthopedic cast? a. 5 kVp b. 10 kVp c. 15 kVp d. 25 kVp
a. 5 kVp
1. What is a major benefit of a fixed kVp technique chart? a. Adequate part penetration b. Decreased exposure latitude c. Increased tube loading d. Increase patient exposure
a. Adequate part penetration
1. Which of these is the best method to reduce scatter radiation which causes fog? a. Collimation b. Filtration c. Compression d. Speed class
a. Collimation
1. What is the greatest advantage of digital imaging? a. Contrast resolution b. Spatial resolution c. Decreased exposure d. Less distortion
a. Contrast resolution
1. Tube angulation will produce which of the following types of shape distortion? a. Elongation b. Foreshortening c. Magnification d. Minification
a. Elongation
1. If the central ray is perpendicular to the image receptor, but the part is angled, what will be the result? a. Foreshortening b. Elongation c. Minification d. Loss of brightness
a. Foreshortening
1. Contrast resolution is a major advantage of digital imaging. What determines high contrast resolution in a digital image? a. High exposure and low noise b. Low exposure and high noise c. High exposure and high resolution d. High resolution and low noise
a. High exposure and low noise
1. How will increasing SID affect spatial resolution in a radiography a. Increase spatial resolution b. Decrease spatial resolution c. Eliminate spatial resolution d. Will have no effect on spatial resolution
a. Increase spatial resolution
1. As contrast lowers, how is the number of brightnesses in the image affected? a. Increases b. Decreases c. Remains the same d. Varies from image to image
a. Increases
1. Which of the following controls contrast in a digital system? a. Look-up table b. Histogram c. High-frequency laser d. Analog-to-digital converter
a. Look-up table
1. How will beam filtration effect the primary beam? a. Make it more homogeneous b. Make it more heterogenous c. Make it less penetrating d. Reduce its quality
a. Make it more homogeneous
1. How well an imaging system reproduces the actual object is referred to as what? a. Modulation transfer function b. Resolving power c. Lines per inch d. Linear image transfer
a. Modulation transfer function
1. How will the use of radiographic grids affect the contrast of an image? a. Produce higher contrast b. Produce lower contrast c. Eliminate contrast d. Have no effect on contrast
a. Produce higher contrast
1. Which of the following occurs when the imaging plate or flat-panel detector is grossly overexposed? a. Saturation b. Intensification c. Dynamic quantum d. Dynamic inefficiency
a. Saturation
1. Which of the following situations would cause the greatest skin dose to a patient? a. Short SID b. Long SID c. Small focal spot size d. Highest practical kilovoltage
a. Short SID
1. What are the two types of distortion that can reduce the quality of a radiograph? a. Size and shape b. Size and contrast c. Receptor exposure and contrast d. Long and short
a. Size and shape
1. The ability of a digital system to display details (expressed as the number of line pairs per millimeter) is known as what? a. Spatial resolution b. Quality assurance c. Detail factor d. Finite factor
a. Spatial resolution
1. Which of the following will have the greatest effect on reducing motion on an abdomen radiograph? a. Suspend respiration b. Compression device c. High mA d. Increased SID
a. Suspend respiration
1. The quantity of x-rays produced is dependent upon which if the following? a. mAs b. SID c. OID d. SOD
a. mAs
1. If the mA is set at 400 and the mAs obtained is 80, what must the time be set at? a. .1 second b. .2 second c. .4 second d. .8 second
b. .2 second
1. Which of the following would be used to minimize size distortion? 1. Shortest possible OID 2. Smallest focal spot size 3. Longest SID a. 1 only b. 1 & 3 only c. 2 & 3 only d. 1, 2, & 3
b. 1 & 3 only
1. A technique of 300 mA, 1/10 second, and 60 kVp is to be changed to 69 kVp, what would be the new time? a. 1/40 second b. 1/20 second c. 1/3 second d. 1/5 second
b. 1/20 second
1. Which of the following techniques will produce the highest contrast? a. 50 mAs, 80 kVp, 5:1 grid b. 100 mAs, 70 kVp, 8:1 grid c. 100 mAs, 80 kVp, 8: 1 grid d. 200 mAs, 70 kVp, 5:1 grid
b. 100 mAs, 70 kVp, 8:1 grid
1. Time can be decreased by ½ if the kVp is increased by which percentage? a. 10% b. 15% c. 25% d. 50 %
b. 15%
1. When motion is a problem, time can be reduced by ½ if the kVp is increased by what percentage? a. 5% b. 15% c. 25% d. 35%
b. 15%
1. Geometric unsharpness is directly proportional to which of the following? 1. SID 2. OID 3. SOD a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 1 & 3 only d. 1, 2, & 3
b. 2 only
1. What advantage is there to magnifying an object? 1. Spatial resolution increases 2. Small objects become visible 3. There is less distortion a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 1 & 2 only d. 1, 2, & 3
b. 2 only
1. Which of the following metric cassette sizes is equivalent to a 10x12 inch cassette? a. 18x24 b. 24x30 c. 30x35 d. 35x43
b. 24x30
1. The difference in brightness between adjacent areas in a radiograph is a definition for which of the following? a. Receptor exposure b. Contrast c. Distortion d. Spatial resolution
b. Contrast
1. How will an increase in radiographic fog affect contrast? a. Contrast will be higher b. Contrast will be lower c. Contrast will be eliminated d. Contrast will remain the same
b. Contrast will be lower
1. How will increasing the OID affect the spatial resolution in a radiograph? a. Increase spatial resolution b. Decrease spatial resolution c. Eliminate spatial resolution d. Will have no effect on spatial
b. Decrease spatial resolution
1. How will increasing the focal spot size affect spatial resolution in a radiograph? a. Increase spatial resolution b. Decrease spatial resolution c. Eliminate spatial resolution d. Will have no effect on spatial resolution
b. Decrease spatial resolution
1. When mA is increased, what must be done to exposure time in order to maintain the same exposure? a. Increase time b. Decrease time c. Keep the time the same d. Match time with you kVp
b. Decrease time
1. If the mA is increased, how must the time be changed in order to maintain the same receptor exposure? a. Increased b. Decreased c. Doubled d. Reduced by half
b. Decreased
1. Changing the shape of an object is called what? a. Magnification b. Distortion c. Minification d. Definition
b. Distortion
1. A fixed-kVp technique chart uses which of the following? a. Fixed kVp and fixed mAs b. Fixed kVp and variable mAs c. Fixed mAs and variable kVp d. Variable mAs and variable kVp
b. Fixed kVp and variable mAs
1. Which of the following occurs when the OID is increased? a. Image size is reduced b. Image is magnified c. Image is elongated d. Image is foreshortened
b. Image is magnified
1. If it is impossible to get the part close to the image receptor, what can be done to compensate? a. Increase exposure time b. Increase SID c. Decrease kVp d. Decrease screen speed
b. Increase SID
1. Which of the following would increase the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)? a. Increase x-ray intensity b. Increase scatter radiation c. Increase electronic noise d. Increase background noise
b. Increase scatter radiation
1. What is the name of the filtration that is a permanent part of the x-ray tube head? a. Added filtration b. Inherent filtration c. Compensating filtration d. Stem filtration
b. Inherent filtration
1. How are mAs and seconds related to each other when used to maintain receptor exposure? a. Directly proportional b. Inversely proportional c. Mutually exclusive d. No relationship exists
b. Inversely proportional
1. Which of the following scales of contrast will produce a more consistent radiographic quality? a. Short scale contrast b. Long scale contrast c. Narrow scale contrast d. Low scale
b. Long scale contrast
1. After the values of interest have been determined from the histogram, which of the following is used to readjust those numbers to produce the proper contrast? a. Contrast chart b. Look-up table c. Values graph d. Number diagram
b. Look-up table
1. Which of the following describes a long scale of contrast? a. High contrast b. Low contrast c. Less film latitude d. Low numbers of brightness differences
b. Low contrast
1. The ratio of SID to SOD represents which of the following a. Distortion ratio b. Magnification ratio c. Definition ratio d. Shape ratio
b. Magnification ratio
1. Spatial resolution can be improved by which of the following? a. Maximum OID b. Maximum SID c. Minimum SID d. Minimum SOD
b. Maximum SID
1. which of the following will have the greatest effect on size distortion? a. SID b. OID c. Focal spot size d. Image size
b. OID
1. To avoid shape distortion, which of the following must be paid close attention to? a. SID b. Part angulation c. Part-to-table top distance d. SOD
b. Part angulation
1. Which of the following is not one of the three elements that affect shape distortion? a. Central ray b. SID c. Object d. Image receptor
b. SID
1. Which of the primary factors will always have an effect on spatial resolution? a. Seconds b. SID c. mA d. kVp
b. SID
1. Which of the following would not be used as contrast median is radiography? a. Air b. Saline c. Barium sulfate d. Iodine
b. Saline
1. Which of the following factors is the best for reducing the risks of motion? a. Low mAs b. Shortest possible exposure time c. Low ratio grid d. Highest practical kVp
b. Shortest possible exposure time
1. What type of distortion results from an increase in OID? a. Minification b. Size c. Elongation d. Shape
b. Size
1. The measure of the amount of detail in a digital image defines which of the following? a. Brightness b. Spatial resolution c. Definition d. Detail
b. Spatial resolution
1. Which of the following radiographic qualities determines the sharpness of detail in the finished radiograph? a. Spatial resolution and contrast b. Spatial resolution and distortion c. Receptor exposure and contrast d. Receptor exposure and distortion
b. Spatial resolution and distortion
1. The quality or energy of an x-ray beam is determined by which of the following a. mAs b. kVp c. SID d. Focal spot size
b. kVp
1. If the SID is halved, which of the following changes must be made in order to maintain the same exposure? a. mAs halved b. mAs reduced by 4x c. mAs doubled d. mAs increased by 4x
b. mAs reduced by 4x
1. Which of the following techniques will produce the greatest image receptor exposure? a. 100 mA, .50 second, 80 kVp b. 200 mA, .50 seconds, 70 kVp c. 300 mA, .33 seconds, 80 kVp d. 400 mA, .25 seconds, 70 kVp
c. 300 mA, .33 seconds, 80 kVp
1. If the kVp is increased 15%, how much must the mAs be reduced in order to maintain the same receptor exposure? a. 15% b. 25% c. 50% d. 100%
c. 50%
1. Which of the following statements is true? a. A long grayscale has a few shades of gray b. A long grayscale is high contrast c. A long grayscale has several shades of gray d. High contrast has several shades of gray
c. A long grayscale has several shades of gray
1. Which of the following can be done to help compensate for an angled part? a. Angle the tube in the opposite direction b. Angle the image receptor in the opposite direction c. Align the tube, part, and image receptor d. Have the patient bend over
c. Align the tube, part, and image receptor
1. In order to obtain the most spatial resolution the OID should be what? a. The same for every image b. As long as possible c. As short as possible d. Equal to the SID
c. As short as possible
1. Misrepresentation of the true size or shape of an object is the definition of which of the following? a. Spatial resolution b. Elongation c. Distortion d. Magnification
c. Distortion
1. If the exposure time is cut in half, how must the mAs be adjusted to maintain the same receptor exposure? a. Cut in half b. Reduced two times c. Doubled d. Increased 4 times
c. Doubled
1. Spatial resolution can be improved by reducing which of the following? a. SID b. SOD c. Focal spot size d. Patient size
c. Focal spot size
1. Which of the following directly influences radiographic contrast? a. mA b. SID c. Grid ratio d. Exposure time
c. Grid ratio
1. How would an image with just a few wide brightness differences be described? a. High density b. Low density c. High contrast d. Low spatial resolution
c. High contrast
1. Which of the following will keep size distortion to a minimum? a. Increase kVp b. Increase grid ratio c. Increase SID d. Increase focal spot size
c. Increase SID
1. Which of the following is the filtration that is manufactured into the x-ray tube? a. Added filtration b. Compensating filtration c. Inherent filtration d. Adjusted filtration
c. Inherent filtration
1. How will decreasing the focal spot size affect spatial resolution? a. It will increase the blur b. It will increase unsharpness c. It will decrease unsharpness d. It will decrease recorded detail
c. It will decrease unsharpness
1. Patient motion can be used to an advantage in which of the following procedures? a. Chest radiography b. Coronary angiography c. Lateral thoracic spine d. Gastrointestinal radiography
c. Lateral thoracic spine
1. A flat-panel detector's element (DEL) size determination which of the following? a. Dynamic range b. Detective quantum efficiency (DQE) c. Spatial resolution d. Speed class
c. Spatial resolution
1. Which of the following will occur when the OID is decreased? a. The image will be magnified b. The image will be minified c. The image is closer to its actual size d. The image is elongated
c. The image is closer to its actual size
1. Which of the following statements would define spatial resolution in digital imaging? a. The contrast in an image b. The lack of distortion in an image c. The measure of the amount of detail in an image d. The number of gray tones in an image
c. The measure of the amount of detail in an image
1. A misrepresentation of the shape of an object may be caused by which of the following? 1. An angled object 2. An angled central ray 3. An angled image receptor a. 1 & 2 only b. 1 & 3 only c. 2 & 3 only d. 1, 2, & 3
d. 1, 2, & 3
The size of the pixel produced when a CR imaging plate is read depends on which of the following? 1. The speed of the imaging plate as it passes through the reader 2. The frequency with which the data is sampled 3. The dimension of the laser beam a. 1 only b. 1 & 2 only c. 1 & 3 only d. 1, 2, & 3
d. 1, 2, & 3
Which of the following can be used to reduce patient exposure since CR systems require more exposure than film-screen systems? 1. Use higher kVp 2. Increase beam filtration 3. Use automatic exposure control (AEC) a. 1 & 2 only b. 1 & 3 only c. 2 & 3 only d. 1, 2, & 3
d. 1, 2, & 3
Which of the following can be used to reduce unsharpness? 1. Increase SID 2. Decrease focal spot size 3. Decrease OID a. 1 & 2 only b. 1 & 3 only c. 2 & 3 only d. 1, 2, & 3
d. 1, 2, & 3
Which of the following may be used to control motion during a radiographic examination? 1. Immobilization devices 2. Precise verbal instructions to the patient 3. Shortest possible exposure time a. 1 only b. 1 & 3 only c. 2 & 3 only d. 1, 2, & 3
d. 1, 2, & 3
Which of the following methods can be used to control motion by reducing exposure time? 1. Use highest mA station possible 2. Increase kVp 3. Decrease SID a. 1 only b. 1 & 2 only c. 2 & 3 only d. 1, 2, & 3
d. 1, 2, & 3
Which of the following types of motion must be considered when setting a radiographic technique? 1. Voluntary 2. Involuntary 3. Equipment a. 1 only b. 1 & 2 only c. 2 & 3 only d. 1, 2, & 3
d. 1, 2, & 3
Why is automatic exposure control (AEC) useful in controlling receptor exposure? 1. Receptor exposure remains constant based on patient thickness 2. Faulty receptor exposure causes repeats 3. Receptor exposure greatly affects quality a. 1 only b. 1 & 3 only c. 2 & 3 only d. 1, 2, & 3
d. 1, 2, & 3
What are the advantages of using high kVp techniques? 1. Less patient exposure 2. Longer tube life 3. All parts are well penetrated a. 1 only b. 1 & 3 only c. 2 & 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
1. Which of the following grid ratios should be used to maintain contrast when using over 100 kVp? a. 5:1 b. 6:1 c. 8:1 d. 12:1
d. 12:1
1. A technique of 400 mA, .25 seconds, non-grid could be converted to a technique of 200 mA, with an 8:1 grid and how many seconds? a. .50 b. .75 c. 1.0 d. 2.0
d. 2.0
1. If 50 mAs provides an optimum exposure at 40" how much mAs is necessary at 80"? a. 12 mAs b. 25 mAs c. 100 mAs d. 200 mAs
d. 200 mAs
1. Which of the following distances would produce the least distortion? a. 40" b. 55" c. 60" d. 72"
d. 72"
1. Which of the following is a reason for the loss of spatial resolution in a radiograph? a. A large focal spot b. Increased OID c. Patient motion d. All of the above
d. All of the above
1. Which of the following refers to adding text to a digital image? a. Verbalize b. Delete c. Worklist d. Annotate
d. Annotate
1. Which of the following technique adjustments should be made when radiographing a geriatric patient with osteoporosis? a. Increase mAs b. Decrease mAs c. Increase kVp d. Decrease kVp
d. Decrease kVp
1. Which of the following is an advantage of the air gap technique? a. Easier to position the patient b. Greater exposure latitude c. Allows for a short SID d. Eliminates the need for a grid
d. Eliminates the need for a grid
1. Which of the following will not contribute to the underexposure of an image? a. mA set too low b. kVp set too low c. SID set too high d. Focal spot size too large
d. Focal spot size too large
1. Subject contrast will be the lowest with which of the following body types? a. Sthenic b. Asthenic c. Hyposthenic d. Hypersthenic
d. Hypersthenic
1. A wavy pattern that results when two geometrically parallel lines are superimposed is referred to as what? a. Grid lines b. Penumbra c. Image blur d. Moire
d. Moire
1. Density was the term used to describe the overall blackening of a film- a screen radiograph. What term is used in digital imaging to describe this radiographic quality? a. Window width b. Exposure c. Contrast d. Receptor exposure
d. Receptor exposure
1. Which of the following will have the greatest effect on radiographic contrast? a. Increasing tube filtration b. Decreasing beam restriction c. Decreasing focal spot size d. Reducing scatter radiation
d. Reducing scatter radiation
1. What is the correct name for the loss of sharpness due to the use of a large focal spot? a. Umbra b. Mottle c. Blue d. Unsharpness
d. Unsharpness
1. Which of the following affects shape distortion? a. SID b. OID c. Focal spot size d. X-ray tube angulation
d. X-ray tube angulation
1. Spatial resolution is not affected by which of the following? a. SID b. SOD c. OID d. kVp
d. kVp