Chapter 9: Chemical Reactions

What are three possible products of an aqueous reaction?

1. one product is a precipitate (solid) 2. one product is a gas 3. one product is a molecular compound

coefficient

A ______ is small whole number ratios that are placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it

balanced equation

A _______ ______ is an equation where each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element, and mass is conserved

decomposition reaction

A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products AB-->A+B

combustion reaction

A chemical change in which an element or compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat or light. Must have O2, CO2+H2O

single replacement reaction

A chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound Must check activity Series A+BX-->Ax+B

synthesis reaction

A chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance A+B--> AB

double replacement reaction

A chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds must check charges AX+BY-->AY+BX

activity series

A list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity The singular element must be more active in order for the reaction to take place.

net ionic equation

An equation for a reaction in solution that shows only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change

complete ionic equation

An equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated ions

spectator ion

An ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is not directly involved in the reaction

2AgNO3 + H2S ---> Ag2S + 2HNO3

Balance AgNO3 + H2S ---> Ag2S + HNO3

2H2 + O2 ---> 2H2O

Balance H2 + O2 ---> H2O

Write this chemical equation: Copper reacts with silver nitrate to produce copper (II) nitrate and silver

Cu+AgNO3 -----> Cu (NO3)2 + Ag

chemical equation

Fe + O2 ---> Fe2O3 is an example of a(n) _______ _______

Skeletal equation for... hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc to produce aqueous zinc (II) chloride and hydrogen gas

HCl (aq) + Zn (s) -> ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

word equation

Iron + oxygen ---> iron (III) oxide is an example of a(n) _______ _____

single replacement

Is 2K(s) + 2H2O(l) ---> 2KOH(aq) + H2(g) a combination, decomposition, or single replacement reaction?

synthesis

Is 2Mg(s) + O2(g) ---> 2MgO a synthesis, decomposition, or single replacement reaction?

decomposition

Is HgO(s) ---> Hg(l) + O2(g) a combination, decomposition, or single replacement reaction?

Reactants in Li + Br2 -> LiBr

Li, Br2

Products in Li + Br2 -> LiBr

LiBr

(l)

Liquid form

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, only rearranged. The mass of the reactants will equal the mass of the products.

+

Reacting with, or produced with

HCl (aq) + Zn (s) -> ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Skeletal equation for... hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc to produce aqueous zinc (II) chloride and hydrogen gas

(s)

Soild

Coefficients. Define and explain how they are used.

The numbers written in FRONT of formulas They indicate the RATIO of each COMPOUND in the EQUATION. They are used to balance equations.

Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F

What are the elements that only exist on their own as diatomic molecules?

solid, gas, liquid, and aqueous

What do (s), (g), (l) and (aq) stand for?

mass cannot be created nor destroyed

What is the law of conservation of mass?

→

Yield Symbol

chemical equation

_______ _______ is a representation of a chemical reaction with reactants on the left, products on the right, and an arrow separating the two

skeleton equation

__________ _______ is a chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products it is unbalanced

single-displacement reaction

chemical reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound

reactant

elements and compounds that go into the reaction; on the left of the yields arrow

exothermic reaction

energy is released; you will feel the heat Formation of water is an exothermic reaction

(g)

gas form

In a combustion reaction, one of the reactants is _____

oxygen

product

the new substances that are formed in a chemical reaction; to the right of the yield sign