Chapter 9 lifespan development

What is an advanced directive?

A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants.

18- month old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store he says look mommy apples. His mother tells him that the food he sees is a tomato not and apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples

Accommodation

Victoria has learned that she has a metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will change her ways and will become a model Christian if god will just heal her illness. Victoria is at the _______ stage of grieving.

Bargaining

______ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking and reasoning

Cognitive

During piagets proposed _______ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can preform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.

Concrete operational

The goal of hospice is to provide

Death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we say that development is taking a ______ trajectory.

Discontinued

What does nurture refer to in the nature versus nurture debate?

Environment and culture

According to _______, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

Erik Erikson

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

Fine

According to Jean piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

Formal operational

During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ______ love of the cerebral cortex.

Frontal

What does nature refer to in the nature versus nurture debate?

Genes and biology

Adolescents (age 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescences face the ________ task of development

Identify vs. confusion

Age-specific approximation of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental _____.

Milestones

The notion that the manner in which one's brain develops can have a significant impact on a person cognitive functioning is central to the _______ perspective in developmental psychology.

Neuroconstructivist

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends that authority figures. What kind of parent song style is this?

Permissive

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlock the door, and lets her self and call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ______ level of Kohlberg's theory of mortality.

Post-conventional

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

Pre-conventional

Ross has learned that he has Parkinson's disease and that in time he will lose some of his cognitive faculties. He and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document that names her a health care _____ who will be able to make medical decisions for Ross when his is unable to do so for himself.

Proxy

____ are concepts that are used to help us categorize and interpret information

Schemata

Which of the following illustrates conversation?

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece into three slices

During Jean piagets _______ stage, the world is experiencing through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies

Sensorimotor

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?

Sigmund Freud

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ____ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences and beliefs differ over 10-year period.

Surveys

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by ones culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

Vygotsky

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

disorganized

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

gross

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs despair

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?

object permanence

_______ development involves growth and changes in the body and the brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

physical

A _______ begins as a one cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

zygote

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

authoritative

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

secure

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust vs mistrust

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

younger average age for marriage