chapter 9-mastering biology

What process occurs in Box A?

glycolysis

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation? NADPH ADP FADH2 hexokinase ATP

ATP

The enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) catalyzes a key step in glycolysis. PFK is inhibited by high levels of which of the following molecules? citrate and CO2 ATP and citrate glucose and NAD+ AMP and ATP

ATP and citrate

During electron transport in eukaryotes, energy from _____ is used to pump H+ ions into the _____. NADH and FADH2 ... mitochondrial intermembrane space Acetyl-CoA ... mitochondrial intermembrane space NADH ... cell membrane NADH ... mitochondrial intermembrane space NADH and FADH2 ... cell membrane

NADH and FADH2 ... mitochondrial intermembrane space

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? NADH pyruvate ATP FADH2

FADH2

For each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis, _______ acetyl-CoA enter the citric acid cycle. 4 1 2 0 5

2

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis? 4 5 3 2 1

2

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP. 1 3 2 5 4

2

For each mole of glucose (C6H12O6) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO2 are released in the citric acid cycle 4 6 2 32

4

For each molecule of glucose that goes through glycolysis, ____ NADH + H+ are produced in the citric acid cycle. 0 2 3 4 6

6

Which of the summary statements below describes the results of the following reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized. C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized. O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced.

C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced

A glucose molecule is completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but together these two processes yield only a few molecules of ATP. What happened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from the oxidation of glucose? See Concept 9.4 (Page 174) It is stored in the ATP that was formed by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. It is stored in NADH and FADH2 It was lost as heat. It is stored in the carbon dioxide and water molecules released by these processes. It is stored in pyruvate.

It is stored in NADH and FADH2 The electrons obtained from the oxidation of glucose are temporarily stored in NADH and FADH2. The energy derived from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 is used to drive the electron transport chain and chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP.

The final electron acceptor in cellular respiration is ______. FADH2 H2O O2 NADH CO2

O2

what molecule is indicated by the letter D

Oxygen

What happens to a glucose molecule when it loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction? The glucose molecule is hydrolyzed. The glucose molecule is oxidized. The glucose molecule is reduced. The glucose molecule is an oxidizing agent.

The glucose molecule is oxidized.

Which of these enters the citric acid cycle? NADH + H+ acetyl CoA G3P glucose pyruvate

acetyl CoA

Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle? FADH2 ATP NADH + H+ CO2 acetyl CoA

acetyl CoA

Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized an agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD+ an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell

an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized

what process occurs in Box B

citric acid cycle

In which reactions of cellular respiration and fermentation does substrate-level phosphorylation occur? only in glycolysis only in the citric acid cycle only in the electron transport chain in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Which of the following describes the process of glycolysis? See Concept 9.2 (Page 170) Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria. Glycolysis produces 30 ATP from each molecule of glucose. It requires ATP and NADH. It converts one glucose molecule to two molecules of pyruvate and carbon dioxide. It represents the first stage in the chemical oxidation of glucose by a cell.

it represents the first stage in the chemical oxidation of glucose by a cell

In cellular respiration, most of the ATP molecules are produced by ______. Oxidative phosphorylation Glycolysis Substrate-level phosphorylation Photophosphorylation

oxidative phosphorylation

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____. substrate-level phosphorylation cellular respiration photosynthesis oxidative phosphorylation photophosphorylation

substrate-level phosphorylation

In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _____. substrate-level phosphorylation photophosphorylation photosynthesis oxidative phosphorylation cellular respiration

substrate-level phosporylation