Chapter 9 Quiz: Language

Parallelism

Arrangement of related words so they are balanced or of related sentence so they have identical structures.

Rhythm

Arrangement of words into patterns so the sounds of the words together enhance the meaning of a phrase.

Personification

Figure of speech that attributes human characteristics to animals, objects, or concepts.

Metaphor

Figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things by describing one thing as being something else.

Simile

Figure of speech that makes an explicit comparison of two things using the word like or as.

Idiom

Fixed, distinctive expression whose meaning is not indicated by its individual words.

Antithesis

Placement of words and phrases in contrast or opposition to one another.

Which technique focuses on sounds to enhance rhythm in a speech? a. Parallelism b. Alliteration c. Mnemonics d. Repetition

b. Alliteration

Leo was enthusiastic about teaching his first class of English as a Second Language. But the students were confused when he described his study habits in college and mentioned "burning the midnight oil."What led Leo's students to be confused? a. A simile b. An idiom c. A metaphor d. A referent

b. An idiom

Repetition

Repeating keywords or phrases at the beginnings or endings of sentences or clauses to create rhythm.

Alliteration

Repetition of initial sounds of two or more words in a sentence or phrase.

Symbol

Word or phrase spoken by a speaker.

Concrete Language

Language that refers to a tangible object - a person, place, or thing.

Abstract Language

Language that refers to ideas or concepts but not to specific objects.

Thought or Reference

Memory and past experience that audience members have with an object, concept, or event.

Mixed Metaphor

Metaphor that makes illogical comparisons between two or more things.

Referent

Object, concept, or event a symbol represents.

Oral Style

Speaking style that reflects the spoken rather than the written word.

Language

System of verbal or gestural symbols a community uses to communicate.

Mnemonic Device

Verbal device that makes information easier to remember.

Lamont's professor encouraged students to use concrete language in their speeches. To satisfy this guideline, which of the following should Lamont avoid using in his speech? a. "intimidation" b. "Mayor Carter" c. "election" d. "precinct"

a. "intimidation"

Which rhythmic technique might prove to be challenging for some beginner public speakers? a. Antithesis b. Parallelism c. Alliteration d. Mixed metaphor

a. Antithesis

____________ is the placement of words and phrases in contrast or opposition to one another. a. Antithesis b. Alliteration c. Mnemonics d. Rhythm

a. Antithesis

What is the best resource for someone who wants to use language accurately in a speech? a. Dictionary b. Wikipedia c. Friends d. Thesaurus

a. Dictionary

According to the guidelines for gender-inclusive language, the following sentence is problematic: "To properly staff the project, a foreman needs to employ appropriately trained personnel." a. True b. False

a. True

Using appropriate labels to refer to various cultural groups is a way of demonstrating respect. a. True b. False

a. True

Using a mixed metaphor during a speech will likely do which of the following? a. Improve the rhythm b. Confuse the audience c. Sharpen the imagery d. Enhance the meaning

b. Confuse the audience

The previews and summaries used in speeches reflect the casual aspects of spoken language. a. True b. False

b. False

The African American practice of signifying can best be described as ________ language. a. concrete b. connotative c. discriminatory d. denotative

b. connotative

As she outlined the steps of DNA encoding, Jennifer could see confusion on the faces of her high school audience. So she slowed her speaking pace and added phrases such as "Understand? Is this clear?" Jennifer's actions reflect the ________ nature of spoken language. a. casual b. interactive c. connotative d. repetitive

b. interactive

The phrase "evil reared its ugly head" is an example of ________. a. metaphor b. personification c. alliteration d. simile

b. personification

Which of the following terms does NOT reflect a thought in the semantic triangle of meaning? a. Personal b. Subjective c. Formal d. Connotative

c. Formal

In his speech about the challenges of constantly relocating as a child of military parents, Jose said, "The stairs leading to my third school in three years were a mountain that I had no energy or desire to climb. "What technique did Jose use to add imagery to his speech? a. Parallelism b. Simile c. Metaphor d. Personification

c. Metaphor

In his 2004 speech to the Democratic convention, Barack Obama used the phrase "if you feel the same energy that I do, if you feel the same urgency that I do, if you feel the same passion that I do, if you feel the same hopefulness that I do, if we do what we must do..." Which term best describes the technique he used to help the audience remember his speech? a. Repetition b. Alliteration c. Parallelism d. Personification

c. Parallelism

In Ogden and Richards's semantic triangle of meaning, the object, concept, or event a symbol represents is known as the ________. a. thought b. idiom c. referent d. language

c. referent

"The warm custard was like soft velvet in her mouth" is an example of ________. a. metaphor b. personification c. simile d. alliteration

c. simile

What type of word would likely present the most difficulty in terms of using language accurately in a speech? a. Person b. Place c. Thing d. Concept

d. Concept

Which of the following people can appropriately be called Indian? a. Trent, whose family are Navajo elders b. Joseph, whose parents are Cherokee c. Layla, who was born to Lakota parents d. Serita, who was raised in New Delhi

d. Serita, who was raised in New Delhi