Chapter 9: Sleep and Biological Rhythms

A single cycle of non-REM and REM sleep lasts about a. 10 minutes. b. 30-40 minutes. c. 90 minutes. d. 360 minutes. e. 8 hours.

c. 90 minutes.

Narcolepsy is predominantly a problem involving a. the inability to fall asleep. b. an attack of sleep during the day. c. anxiety and fear during sleep. d. rapid movements of the eyes. e. uncontrollable brain seizures.

b. an attack of sleep during the day.

A key aspect of slow-wave sleep is the presence of ________ Hz oscillations comprised of a down state followed by an up state. a. 1.0 b. 2.0 c. 7 d. 12 e. 30

a. 1.0

________ will occur soon after the appearance of rapid eye movements in the sleep record. a. Paradoxical sleep b. Slow-wave sleep c. Slow breathing d. Motor movements e. Gastric distress

a. Paradoxical sleep

The ________ pattern of EEG activity is characterized by irregular, high-frequency (13-30 Hz), low-voltage waves. a. beta b. alpha c. theta d. sleep spindles e. delta

a. beta

You are watching the sleep record of a person whose record contains 85% delta wave activity. Your best guess is that this person is a. in stage 4 of slow-wave sleep. b. dreaming. c. in stage 1 of slow-wave sleep. d. making the transition from wakefulness to sleep. e. awake.

a. in stage 4 of slow-wave sleep.

In the opening vignette of the chapter on sleep, Michael suffered from a. narcolepsy. b. anxiety disorder. c. gastric distension. d. a disorder of slow-wave sleep. e. insomnia.

a. narcolepsy.

Which of the following represents a mental state that accompanies slow-wave sleep? a. nightmares b. lyrical dreams c. elevated sexual arousal (i.e., lust) d. a deficit in the capacity to plan e. narrative and story-like dreams

a. nightmares

Which of the following is a reason as to why sleep stage 4 is considered to be the deepest sleep stage? a. A person in this stage is easily roused by meaningful stimuli. b. A person who awakes from stage 4 is groggy and confused. c. A person who awakes from this stage is alert and attentive. d. Only very loud stimuli will awaken a person from stage 4 sleep. e. The majority of sleep is spent in stage 4 slow-wave sleep.

b. A person who awakes from stage 4 is groggy and confused.

During the ________ state of the slow-wave sleep record, the neurons of the cortex are ________. a. up; hyperpolarized b. down; silent c. up; silent d. down; depolarized e. delta; overexcited

b. down; silent

Sleep stages 1-4 are termed ________, whereas stages 3-4 are referred to as ________. a. REM sleep; non-REM sleep b. non-REM sleep; slow-wave sleep c. slow-wave sleep; non-REM sleep d. paradoxical sleep; REM sleep e. arythmic sleep; paradoxical sleep

b. non-REM sleep; slow-wave sleep

The observation that a person's brain shows beta wave activity is not a reliable indicator of being awake because a. this pattern is seen in children but not adults. b. this brain wave pattern also appears during sleep. c. this wave form waxes and wanes during the day. d. it can be induced by certain drugs such as alcohol. e. drugs can elicit this brain wave pattern.

b. this brain wave pattern also appears during sleep.

Which of the following is true of human sleep cycles? a. Sleep cycles are random across the night. b. Subjects first enter REM sleep and then transition to non-REM sleep. c. As the night goes on, the relative length of REM sleep increases in each successive cycle. d. Stages 3 and 4 of slow-wave sleep mostly occur in the early morning hours. e. Each non-REM/REM cycle lasts about 45 minutes.

c. As the night goes on, the relative length of REM sleep increases in each successive cycle.

Which of the following is true of sleep? a. Movements are suppressed accompany sleep. b. Sleep is followed by a strong feeling of drowsiness. c. Humans spend about a third of their life asleep. d. Sleep is a state of unconsciousness. e. Humans do not require sleep for adequate function.

c. Humans spend about a third of their life asleep.

The predictable changes in blood flow to the male genitals that occur during ________ can be a useful clinical indicator of ________. a. non-REM sleep; narcolepsy b. the day hours; hypertension c. REM sleep; impotence d. slow-wave sleep; cardiac failure e. the day hours; cocaine abuse

c. REM sleep; impotence

The various stages of sleep are easily distinguished by a. visible changes in respiration. b. changes in motor movements involving speech.. c. changes in the electrical activity of the brain. d. changes in consciousness. e. the quality and quantity of dreams

c. changes in the electrical activity of the brain.

Which of the following is a key characteristic of REM sleep? a. alternating delta and beta EEG activities b. the presence of delta wave EEG activity c. rapid eye movements d. alpha wave brain activity e. tossing and turning in bed

c. rapid eye movements

Another name for sleep stages 3 and 4 is ________ sleep. a. paradoxical b. high-frequency c. slow-wave d. REM e. rhythmic

c. slow-wave

Humans show which pattern of blood flow and mental activity during REM sleep? a. Cortical blood flow is reduced during REM sleep as blood is shunted to the genitals. b. Cerebral blood flow is low in the primary visual cortex. c. Cerebral blood flow is very low during color dreaming. d. Cerebral blood flow is high in the visual association cortex and low in the frontal cortex. e. Cerebral blood flow is low in the primary auditory cortex.

d. Cerebral blood flow is high in the visual association cortex and low in the frontal cortex.

The ________ is an instrument used to record electrical potentials from muscles during sleep. a. myelogram b. electroencephalogram c. physiograph d. electromyogram e. retinogram

d. electromyogram

The transition between wakefulness and sleep is marked by the appearance of ________ waves in the sleep record. a. alpha b. delta c. gamma d. theta e. beta

d. theta

Which of the following is a key characteristic of non-REM sleep? a. dreaming in color b. muscle paralysis c. genital changes associated with arousal d. various forms of slow-wave brain activity e. rapid eye movements

d. various forms of slow-wave brain activity

The theta brain wave pattern is characterized by changes in frequency of electrical activity of a. 1-3 Hz. b. 12-14 Hz. c. 13-30 Hz. d. less than 3.5 Hz. e. 3.5-7.5 Hz.

e. 3.5-7.5 Hz.

An electro-oculogram is an instrument used in sleep studies to measure a. blood pressure. b. skin conductance. c. heart rate. d. electrical potentials within the brain. e. eye movements.

e. eye movements.

Which of the following terms belong together? a. awake state; EEG synchrony b. REM sleep; slow-wave EEG pattern c. slow-wave sleep; marked genital arousal d. REM sleep; lack of genital activity e. slow-wave sleep; moderate muscle tonus

e. slow-wave sleep; moderate muscle tonus