Chapter 9: Stresses and Strains on the Body
Mechanical Stress
the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area of the surface on which the internal force acts on
combined loading
the simultaneous action of more than one of the pure forms of loading
Bending
Asymmetric loading that produces tension on one side of the body's longitudinal axis and compression on the other side
compression, tension, shear, bending, torsion and combined
List the mechanical loads on the human body
Pascal
Mechanical stress is measured in what unit?
football and skiing
Torsion forces occur commonly in what sports?
acceleration and deformation
What are the effects of loading?
compression, tension and shear forces
What are the pure forms of mechanical loading?
force acting at the knee joint parallel to the direction of the tibial plateau
What is an example of a shear force?
bending
What is an example of combined loading?
the downward force of the weight of a vertabrae on the inferior vertebra
What is an example of compression?
Combined Loading
What is the most common type of loading on the human body?
Shear
a force directed parallel to a surface
Torsion
a load producing a twisting of a body around its longitudinal axis
Compression
a pressing or squeezing force directed axially through the body
Tension
a pulling or stretching force generated axially through the body
repetitive loading
a repetitive application of a subacute load that is usually of relatively low magnitude
Shear Stress
a transverse stress that acts parallel to the analysis plane as a result of forces acting parallel to this plane.
Acute (traumatic) loading
an application of a single force of sufficient magnitude to cause injury to a biological tissue