Chapter 9

A violation of civil law is called a(n):

A violation of civil law is called a(n):

_____ laws or regulations are established by bureaucratic agencies on behalf of Congress and frequently serve to clarify statutes.

Administrative

Which of the following types of law applies only to the executive branch of the federal government?

An executive order

The founders purposely left the powers of the courts ambiguous:

As a compromise to make it easier to ratify the Constitution

In a comparison of the treatment of blacks and whites in the American justice system:

Blacks are more likely to be arrested, more likely to go to jail, and get harsher sentences than whites

_____ law regulates relations between individuals.

Civil

Judicial activism has become an important controversial political issue because:

Conservatives have argued that judges are acting as legislators on issues such as same-sex marriage

_____ law establishes the basic powers of and limitations on governmental institutions and the interrelationship of governmental institutions.

Constitutional

Strict constructionists argue that there is no:

Constitutionally protected right to privacy

The significance of Marbury v. Madison is that it:

Established judicial review

The U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals are arranged:

In twelve circuits covering the District of Columbia and geographical groupings of states

Nearly all decisions of the U.S. Circuit Courts are made by:

Panels of three judges

Because of Chief Justice John Marshall's ruling in Marbury v. Madison, the:

Power of the Court vastly increased

"Stare decisis" is the Latin term that refers to the practice of relying on:

Precedent

The existence of procedural laws in the U.S. court system shows the founders' commitment to:

Preventing government tyranny

According to Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, the primary function of law is to:

Provide security, order, and predictability in life

The Rule of Four refers to the number of:

Supreme Court justices who must agree to grant a case certiorari in order for the case to be heard

Which of the following is not a statutory law?

The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

The term "judicial ______" refers to the view that courts should be lawmaking, policymaking bodies.

The term "judicial ______" refers to the view that courts should be lawmaking, policymaking bodies.

One reason dissenting opinions are significant to U.S. common law is:

They may have a lasting impact if the Court later changes its mind

Amicus curiae briefs are significant because:

They may influence whether the Supreme Court decides to hear a case

Senatorial courtesy refers to the:

Tradition of granting senators considerable influence over federal judicial appointments in their home states

The legal system that is applied uniformly and based on the accumulated rulings of judges over time is called the _____ law tradition.

common

A law that prevents illegally obtained evidence from being used in court is a _____ law.

procedural

Laws whose actual content defines what we can and cannot legally do are _____ laws.

substantive