Chapter Five Chemistry - Salon Fundamentals

What is usually the first ingredient listed on most shampoos? a) hydrogen b) oxygen c) water d) protein

Water

When atoms combine chemically to create compounds, it is an example of: a) a chemical bond b) a physical bond c) trace minerals d) keratin

a chemical bond

All of the following statements regarding pH are true EXCEPT: a) a pH measurement scale ranges from 0 to 14 b) a solution is acidic if it has more negative hydroxide ions c) solutions with equal hydrogen and hydroxide ions are neutral d) pH is a unit of measurement that indicates whether a substance is acidic, neutral or alkaline

a solution is acidic if it has more negative hydroxide ions

The pH measurement scale indicates whether a substance is: a) a liquid, solid or gas b) organic or inorganic c) young or old d) acidic, neutral or alkaline

acidic, neutral or alkaline

Most ingredients for conditioners are proteins derived from: a) soft water b) lemon rinses c) creme rinses d) animal or vegetable materials

animal or vegetable materials

Which of the following statements correctly describes soapless shampoos? a) contains no wetting agents b) are able to lather without harsh alkaline ingredients c) neutralizes the pH of the scalp d) are only effective in soft water

are able to lather without harsh alkaline ingredients

Which of the following statements correctly describes plain shampoos? a) are usually strong and contain a high alkaline or soap base b) can be used on chemically treated or damaged hair c) should be neutralized with an alkaline rinse d) contain a low alkaline content and a low concentration of active agents

are usually strong and contain a high alkaline or soap base

Rinses, which affect mostly the surface of the hair: a) usually penetrate deep into the hair b) are usually left on hair for 30 minutes before removing c) repair broken bonds of the hair d) can be detrimental if allowed to build up on the hair

can be detrimental if allowed to build up on the hair

A high alkaline shampoo used to remove residue and dirt build-up is an example of which type of shampoo? a) medicated b) clarifying c) powder dry d) conditioning

clarifying

The primary purpose for shampooing hair is to: a) clean hair and scalp without adversely affecting either of them b) increase the acidity of the hair and scalp c) neutralize the hair and scalp d) all of the above

clean hair and scalp without adversely affecting either of them.

What is used for hair that has been damaged by strong alkaline shampoos, chemicals or heat styling? a) creme rinse b) medicated rinse c) vinegar rinse d) conditioner

conditioner

Which of the following items has/have definite weight and volume but no definite shape? a) hair b) conditioners, solutions, and shampoos c) oxygen d) ice cube

conditioners, solutions, and shampoos

Shampoo containing additives to improve tensile strength and porosity of the hair is: a) liquid dry shampoo b) powder dry shampoo c) conditioning shampoo d) color shampoo

conditioning shampoo

What product adheres to the hair shaft, even after ordinary rinsing, leaving hair easier to comb and handle? a) creme rinse b) medicated rinse c) vinegar rinse d) conditioner

creme rinse

Which item if a formulation of several conditioners mixed to meet a special need? a) customized conditioner b) creme rinse c) lemon rinse d) vinegar rinse

customized conditioner

Which of the following descriptions identifies shampoos for thinning hair? a) usually strong and contain a high alkaline or soap base b) able to add weight to hair c) obtained with a prescription d) do not cause damage or weigh the hair down

do not cause damage or weigh the hair down

Which item is formed when two or more nonmixable substances are united with the help of a binder? a) solutions b) powders c) ointments d) emulsions

emulsions

Which bond is very weak individually and can be broken by heat or water, but makes up about 35% of the hair's strength because of large numbers? a) van der Waal's b) disulfide c) peptide d) hydrogen

hydrogen

The main ingredient found in most neutralizers is either: a) hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate or sodium bromate b) hydrogen sulfide, thioglycolic acid or ammonium hydroxide c) quats, disulfides or sodium hydroxide d) mineral water, wheat germ or dimethicones

hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate or sodium bromate

Using a protein conditioner would help achieve all of the following results EXCEPT: a) fortify damaged areas b) increase new hair growth c) alter the way the hair behaves d) protect against further damage

increase new hair growth

Which conditioners have a vegetable oil base, acidic pH and are not recommended for fine or limp hair? a) body building b) instant c) moisturizing d) normalizing

instant

Which of the following color categories uses a low volume peroxide to develop the color molecules? a) long lasting semi-permanent b) permanent c) semi-permanent color d) temporary

long lasting semi-permanent

A shampoo with an ingredient to treat hair and scalp problems is what type of shampoo a) medicated b) clarifying c) dry powder d) conditioning

medicated

What product is designed with ingredients to control minor dandruff and scalp conditions? a) creme rinse b) medicated rinse c) vinegar rinse d) conditioner

medicated rinse

Lightening hair involves oxidation of the natural melanin in the hair by: a) mixing peroxide and ammonia b) mixing sodium hydroxide and thioglycolate c) mixing paraphenyline diamine with analine d) all of the above

mixing peroxide and ammonia

Which conditioners contain a vegetable protein and are acidic, which causes the cuticle to close after alkaline chemical services? a) body building b) instant c) moisturizing d) normalizing

normalizing

Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent are: a) solutions b) emulsions c) ointments d) suspensions

ointments

A product label has the ingredients listed in: a) order of their concentration b) reverse order of their concentration c) random order d) alphabetical order

order of their concentration

Which of the following conditions indicates chemical change? a) water to ice b) water to steam c) oxygen and hydrogen combining to form water d) raindrops turning to snow

oxygen and hydrogen combining to form water

Amino acids that create proteins are linked together end to end by: a) alkaline bonds b) peptide bonds c) side bonds d) salt bonds

peptide bonds

Which of the following shampoos would NOT be used for chemically-treated or damaged hair? a) plain b) non-stripping c) all purpose d) acid-balance

plain

Shampoo formulated for bedridden clients who cannot wet their hair is called: a) liquid dry shampoo b) powder dry shampoo c) conditioning shampoo d) color shampoo

powder dry shampoo

Which of the following statements about surfactants is NOT true? a) contains a lipophilic part b) contains a hydrophilic part c) used to remove oil from the hair d) prevents shampoo from lathering

prevents shampoo from lathering

The three main parts of an atom are: a) protons, neutrons and electrons b) protons, elements and compounds c) neutrons, shells and electrons d) electrons, atoms and elements

protons, neutrons and electrons

Which of the following items is NOT an example of a physical change? a) rusting of a nail b) performing a haircut c) shattering a piece of glass d) performing a thermal style

rusting of a nail

Water can be purified by: a) sedimentation and filtration b) neutralizing c) emulsifying d) shampooing

sedimentation and filtration

Which of the following statements correctly describes acid-balanced shampoos? a) contain low alkaline content and low concentrations of surface active agents b) are usually strong and contain a high alkaline or soap base c) are designed to cleanse the hair without correcting any special condition d) should be used on bleached hair and dry, damaged hair

should be used on bleached hair and dry, damaged hair

Mixtures of fats and oils converted to fatty acids by heat and then purified are: a) soaps b) powders c) ointments suspensions

soaps

When a solute is dissolved in a solvent it is a(n): a) suspension b) emulsion c) solution d) ointment

solution

A solute mixed in a solvent that tends to separate if left standing is a(n): a) suspension b) powders c) solution d) ointment

suspension

Non-reactive, direct dyes that coat the surface of the hair shaft until they are shampooed out are: a) long lasting semi-permanent colors b) permanent hair colors c) semi-permanent hair colors d) temporary colors

temporary colors

The atomic number indicates: a) the number of neutrons in an atom b) the number of electrons in an atom c) the number of protons in an atom d) the number of atoms in an element

the number of protons in an atom

When amino acids combine to form the protein of the hair: a) the hair's amino acid content will decrease b) the hair's amino acid content will increase c) they take on a spiraling configuration d) they for a new amino acid group

they take on a spiraling configuration

Why is chlorine added to the water purification process? a) to add blue color b) to kill bacteria c) to add minerals d) to add lather

to kill bacteria

A soft perm curl loosens the texture of overly curly hair by: a) using a thioglycolate-base product b) following a thioglycolic relaxer with a sodium hydroxide relaxer c) using a high volume developer d) using a low volume developer

using a thioglycolate-base product

An acid rinse (pH of 2-3) designed to dissolve soap scum, untangle and separate hair and add sheen is a: a) creme rinse b) medicated rinse c) vinegar rinse d) conditioner

vinegar rinse

How far can healthy hair be stretched without breaking when wet? a) 10% b) 30% c) 50% d) 75%

50%

The chemical symbol for carbon is: a) Ca b) Co c) Cb d) C

C

Which of the following descriptions does NOT identify a disulfide bond? a) can be weakened by water b) a peptide or end bond c) a bond broken and reformed during a perm procedure d) give hair its shape

Can be weakened by water

Putting a sodium hydroxide relaxer under a hair dryer: a) will link together all protein groups b) could break the critical peptide bonds and destroy the protein structure c) will increase the hair's amino acid content d) could turn into van der Waal's force

Could break the critical peptide bonds and destroy the protein structure