Chapter one

Poetry and Description: express ideas and feelings about real or imagined people, events, and ideas,

Ballad: form of lyric that expresses the poet's emotions toward someone or something. Free verse: poetry that has no regular rhyme, rhythm, or form. Prose poem: shares many of the features of other poetry it has rhythm, repetition, and vivd imagery. Sonnet is a form of rhyming lyric poetry with set rules. Haiku: a form of non-rhyming poetry that was first developed in Japan hundreds of years ago. Descriptive essays often use words that involve tat senses to create a clear picture of a subject. Travel essay uses sensory words to describe a place. Definition essay can draw on a writers emanational experience to describe something abstract, like friendship or happiness.

workplace writing: writing done on the job or as part of a job, often in an office setting.

Business letter: formal letter written to, from, or within a business. Friendly letter: form of correspondence written to communicate between family, friends, or acquaintances. Memos: short documents usually written from one member of an organization to another or to a group. E-mails: abbreviation for "electronic mail" and is a form of electronic memo. Forms: types of workplace writing that ask for specific information to be completed in a particular format. Instructions: used to explain how to complete a task or procedure. Project plans: short documents usually written from one member of an organization to another. Resumes: an overview of a persons experiences and qualifications for a job. College Applications: documents that ask for personal information and details about someones educational background. Job Applications: similar to resumes in that they require a person to list work experience and educational background.

Responses to literature: analyze and interpret an authors work.

Critical Reviews: presents the writers opinions and support them with specific examples. Compare and contrast essays: explores similarities and differences between two or more works of literature. Letters to authors: share their feelings and thoughts about a work of literature directly. Blog comments: readers can share their ideas about a work.

Exposition: writing that seeks to communicate ideas and information to specific audiences and for specific purposes.

Introductory paragraph: explores a topic by supplying relevant information in the form of facts, examples, reasons, and valid inferences to supports the writers claims. Compare and Contrast essay: essay explores similarities and differences between two or more things for a specific purpose. Cause and effect essay: traces the result of an event or describes the reasons an event happened. Classification essay: a writer organizes a subject into categories and explains the category into which an item falls. Problem-Solution Essay: presents a problem and then offers solution to that problem. Pro-Con Essay: examines arguments for and against an idea or topic. Newspaper and magazine articles: offer information about news and events. Internet Articles: can supply relevant information about a topic. On-Demand writing: test prompts provide a clear topic with directions about what should be addressed.

Persuasion: aims to influence the attitudes or actions of a specific audience on specific issues.

Persuasive essays (argumentative essays): uses logic and reasoning to persuade readers to adopt a certain point of view or to take action. Persuasive speeches: are presented aloud and aim to win an audience support for a policy, position, or action. Editorials: appears in newspapers, in magazines, or on television, radio, or the internet, state the opinion of the editors and publishers of news organizations. op-ed pieces: is an essay that tries to convince the readers of a publication to agree with the writers view on an issue. letters to the editors: express opinions in response to previously published articles. review: often states opinions on the quality of an item or activity and supports those opinions with examples, facts, and other evidence. Advertisements: announcements that try to convince people to buy something or do something. Propaganda: uses emotional and often biased, false, or misleading information to persuade people to think or art in a certain way.

Fiction Narration: literary texts that tell a story about imagined people, events, and ideas.

Realistic Fiction: portrays invented characters and events in everyday situations that most readers would find familiar. Fantasy Stories: stretch the imagination and take readers to unreal world. Historical Fiction: about imaginary people living in real places and times in history. Mystery stories: present unexplained or strange events that characters try to solve. Myths and legends: traditional stories, told in cultures around the world. Science fiction: stories tell about real and imagined developments in science and technology and their effects in the way people think and live. Tall tale: tells about larger-than-life characters in realistic settings.

Research writing: based on factual information from outside sources.

Research reports and Documented essays: presents information and analysis about a topic that the writer has studied. Experiment Journals and Lab reports: focus on the purposes, procedures, and results of a lab experiment. Statistical Analysis Reports: presents numerical data. Annotated Bibliographies: lists the research sources a writer used.

nonfiction Narration: are any kind of literary text that tells a story about real people, events, and ideas.

personal narratives: tell true stories about events in a writers life (autobiographical essays). Biographical narrative: the writer shares facts about someone else's life. Blogs: are online journals that may include autobiographical narratives, reflections, opinions, and other types of comments. Diaries or journals: writers record their personal thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Eyewitness accounts: nonfiction writing that focus on historical or other important event. Memoirs: focus on meaningful scenes from writers' lives. Reflective essays: present personal experiences, either events that happened to the writers themselves or that they learned about from others.