Chapter Test Questions: 22

The ______ are the most important of the three small cartilages just superior to the cricoid cartilage, because they anchor the vocal folds.

Arytenoids

__________ is a slippery substance secreted in the lungs that reduces surface tension and prevents collapse of the alveoli.

Surfactant

The medial opening between the right and left vocal folds is called the __________. A) trachea B) rima glottidis C) glottis D) larynx E) vocal space

B) rima glottidis

What is the role of alveolar macrophages in the lungs? A) removal of tiny inhaled particles B) diffusion of carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli C) diffusion of oxygen from the alveolus into the blood D) providing alternative routes for air to reach alveoli whose bronchi have collapsed because of disease E) equalization of air pressure throughout the lung

A) removal of tiny inhaled particles

Central chemoreceptors are located in the __________. A) reticular formation of the medulla oblongata B) hypothalamus C) ventral respiratory group in the cerebral cortex D) amygdala E) temporal lobe of the cerebrum

A) reticular formation of the medulla oblongata

________ tonsils are located in the nasopharynx.

Pharyngeal

Which organ of the respiratory system produces lubricating fluid and compartmentalizes the thoracic cavity?

Pleurae

Which organ of the respiratory system responds to inhaled antigens; located in nasopharynx and oropharynx?

Tonsils

The ______ lifts superiorly to close off the nasopharynx.

Uvula

The two main bronchi branch from the trachea at what level in a living person?

approximately T7

To which laryngeal cartilages do the vocal folds attach?

arytenoid and thyroid cartilages

Where does external respiration take place? A) within blood vessels traveling to organs B) in each respiratory structure from the trachea through the terminal bronchioles C) at systemic capillaries, between blood and tissue cells D) between oxygen in alveoli and the capillaries in the lungs

D) between oxygen in alveoli and the capillaries in the lungs

Which structure is the last structure of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract? A) tertiary bronchi B) alveoli C)respiratory bronchioles D) terminal bronchioles E) laryngopharynx

D) terminal bronchioles

What is the function of type II alveolar cells? A) to manufacture antibodies B) to remove inhaled particles C) to destroy pathogens D) to secrete surfactant E) external gas exchange in the lungs

D) to secrete surfactant

Branches of the pulmonary arteries generally lie _______ to the corresponding bronchi.

posterior

What type of epithelium lines the lumen of the terminal bronchiole?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

The proximal part of the laryngotracheal bud forms the ______.

trachea

Which organ of the respiratory system has small air chambers and the walls consist of simple squamous epithelium?

Alveoli

______ are the main sites of gas exchange.

Alveoli

Which structures are important for shaping sounds into recognizable consonants and vowels? A) lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, and vocal folds B) pharynx, tongue, soft palate, and lips C) vocal folds, tongue, and lips D) oral cavity, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses E) thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, ligaments of vocal folds, and rima glottidis

B) pharynx, tongue, soft palate, and lips

Which of the following changes that occurs along the airway from the trachea to the bronchioles is the most important for regulating the amount of air entering the alveoli? A) change in the type of epithelium B) smooth muscle forms helical bands that wrap around smaller bronchi and bronchioles C) type II cells begin to appear D) whether cartilage is in C-shaped rings or irregular plates E) the type of cartilage present

B) smooth muscle forms helical bands that wrap around smaller bronchi and bronchioles

At which level of the respiratory tree is there no cartilage, where smooth muscle takes on an important role in regulating the amount of airflow through the tubule?

Bronchioles

Which of the following is true of pleurisy? A) The rubbing together of the visceral and parietal peritoneum produces stabbing chest pains. B) It always results from right ventricular failure. C) The pain of pleurisy originates from the parietal pleura only. D) It often is a result of hemorrhage of a lung or lung vessel.

C) The pain of pleurisy originates from the parietal pleura only.

What are the roles of the peripheral chemoreceptors of the respiratory system? (Click on all correct answers for full credit.) A) Neurons from the peripheral chemoreceptors stimulate the somatic motor neurons to the inspiratory muscles. B) They maintain the basic ventilatory rhythm. C) They signal the respiratory center to increase the rate and depth of breathing when the blood is too acidic. D) They sense falling concentrations of O2 or rising levels of CO2. E) All of the above are correct concerning the roles of the peripheral chemoreceptors.

C) They signal the respiratory center to increase the rate and depth of breathing when the blood is too acidic. D) They sense falling concentrations of O2 or rising levels of CO2.

Within what respiratory structure does the epithelium change from stratified squamous to pseudostratified ciliated columnar? A) the nasopharynx B) terminal bronchioles C) the larynx D) the oropharynx

C) the larynx

As inspiratory muscles relax, the diaphragm moves superiorly. Simultaneously, what other event occurs? A) due to the effects of positive pressure, air is forced into the lungs B) the volumes of the thorax and lungs increase, which increases pressure and pushes air out C) the volume of the lungs decreases and the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, which forces oxygenated blood into the capillaries leading toward the heart D) volumes of the thorax and lungs decrease, which increases pressure and pushes the air out E) None of the listed responses is correct.

D) volumes of the thorax and lungs decrease, which increases pressure and pushes the air out

Your patient recently had surgery on his aortic arch. Since then, he has experienced a hoarse voice. What can you tell him about why he sounds like he has a sore throat? A) During surgery, surgeons may have damaged his right recurrent laryngeal nerve. B) During surgery, both recurrent laryngeal nerves may have been cut. C) After surgery, long-term intubation apparently damaged his vestibular folds. D) During the surgery, surgeons may have damaged his left recurrent laryngeal nerve. E) While in the hospital, he may have acquired a nosocomial infection of his throat.

During the surgery, surgeons may have damaged his left recurrent laryngeal nerve.

In blowing out a candle, which respiratory muscles would you be using? A) the pectoralis minor and the scalene muscles B) only the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles C) the pectoralis minor and quadratus lumborum D) primarily the internal intercostal muscles E) primarily the external and internal oblique muscles and the transversus abdominis F) the erector spinae and sternocleidomastoid muscles

E) primarily the external and internal oblique muscles and the transversus abdominis

The _______ is a cartilaginous flap that prevents food or liquid from going into the lower respiratory tubes.

Epiglottis

Which organ of the respiratory system is this? air passageway; prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract; involved in voice production

Larynx

The smallest subdivision of the lung that can be seen with the unaided eye is the _______.

Lobule

Increased activity of which cell causes the deterioration of the alveolar walls that occurs in emphysema?

Macrophage

Which organ of the respiratory system branches from the trachea at the level of T7 in living individuals; run obliquely through the mediastinum

Primary bronchi

What is the role of the ventral respiratory group (VRG) in the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata?

They maintain the basic ventilatory rhythm.

The nasopharynx and larynx serve as passageways for ________.

air

What is the function of type I alveolar cells in the alveolar walls?

external gas exchange in the lungs

On the mediastinal surface of each lung, there is an indentation called the _______.

hilum

Which of the following is not a lobe of the lung?

left middle

Which organ of the respiratory system is this? air passageway; continuous with the nasal cavity through the posterior nasal apertures; epithelium is pseudostratified ciliated columnar

nasopharynx

Premature infants born before 26 weeks of gestation are severely threatened by respiratory distress syndrome resulting from inadequate production of ______.

surfactant

The smooth muscle along the posterior surface of the trachea is the _______.

trachealis