Chapter09: Fungi and Plants Dynamic Study Module

The process by which yeast reproduces is referred to as __________, and this is a(an) ________ process.

budding; asexual

The part of a mushroom found below ground is called the _________.

mycelium

The symbiotic relationships between plant roots and fungi considered the key adaptation that allowed the colonization of land is called ____________.

mycorrhizae

Pollen contains the ___________.

sperm

The reproductive cells of mushrooms are called _______.

spores The reproductive cells of mushrooms are called spores. They can be produced sexually or asexually and are haploid.

Fungi are ________.

eukaryotes Fungi are eukaryotes and can be either unicellular or multicellular. They are not prokaryotes.

The key adaptation of angiosperms was the ________, the reproductive organ that protects the developing seed.

flower

What is a spore?

A sex cell of plants that contains a haploid number of chromosomes in plants

What distinguishes plants from other eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms?

Adaptations that allow them to thrive on land.

What part of the flowering plant produces the pollen grains?

Anther: The anther is the sac-like structure at the top of the stamen that produces pollen grains. The pollen tube is the pathway by which the pollen travels down to get to the egg. The filament is the stalk of the stamen that holds up the anther. The petals help attract pollinators (bees).

The four major types of modern plants are:

Bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

Which tissue system in plants forms the outer protective covering and participates in gas exchange?

Dermal

This type of plant has a taproot system, the leaf veins are branched, and the floral parts are usually in multiples of four or five.

Dicot Dicots have a taproot system, the leaf veins are branched, and the floral parts are usually in multiples of four or five. They also have two cotyledons. Monocots have one cotyledon, a fibrous root system, parallel veins in the leaves, and the floral parts are usually in multiples of threes.

What is the term for the point on a plant where a leaf attaches?

Node The node is the point on a plant where a leaf attaches. The petiole is the portion of the leaf that joins the blade of the leaf to the stem. The blade of the leaf is the flattened portion and the stem is the portion of the plant that supports the leaves and flowers.

Which of the following structures are found in both plant cells and animal cells?

Plasma membrane

What adaptations did seedless vascular plants have that were not found in earlier plants?

Production of lignin and vascular tissue

Why are algae not affected by gravity?

The alga body is buoyed by water that surrounds it.

What is transpiration?

The process by which water moves from the roots to out the leaf

Which of the following is considered a positive function of decomposers?

They help recycle nutrients back into the environment.

Which of the plant vascular tissues transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves?

Xylem The xylem is the vascular component of plants that transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. The phloem transports sugars from one part of the plant to another. Capillaries are found in animals. Stomata are openings in the leaves that allow O2 and CO2 exchange.

One way that algae and plants differ is that photosynthesis occurs throughout the entire body of _______, but only in the leaves of _______.

algae; plants Photosynthesis can occur throughout the body of algae, but only in the leaves of plants.

Most of our food crops are ___________.

angiosperms

Evolutionary adaptations required of early plants that allowed them to thrive in a terrestrial environment included the ability to ____________.

obtain and retain moisture, remain upright against the pull of gravity, and obtain resources from the air and soil

After fertilization, the ________ of a flower develops into a _______, which encloses the __________.

ovule; fruit; seed

The network of tubes that transports water, sugar, and minerals in plants is called the _____________.

vascular system