Chapter2: Classifying Metals

Spark test

technique employed to determine grades of steel

3 precautions that should be observed when handling metals

1) Always wear approved eye protection and safety equipment in the metalworking lab 2) Avoid heating, welding, or melting a piece of metal until you have determined its composition 3) Never drop wet or moist metal into molten metal

___steels are classified by their percentage of carbon in points.

Carbon

Stainless Steel

Contains chromium and is corrosion resistant

What is a honeycomb structure? What purpose does it serve?

Honeycomb structures have great strength and rigidity for given weight. It is used for many applications in the aerospace industry. They are joined with an adhesive, or fused by brazing or resistance welding, to form a panel between two metal or composite sheets

What is unusual about mercury?

Mercury is fluid at room temperature

What are composites?

Strong, lightweight structures composed of metal fibers bonded together in a matrix through the application of heat and pressure

Ferrous metal

a metal that contains iron; cast iron, wrought iron, steel, carbon steel, low-carbon steel, high-carbon steel, and stainless steel

Alloy

a mixture of two or more metals that are fused or melted together to form a new metal; cast iron, wrought iron, carbon steel, low-carbon steel, high-carbon steel, tungsten carbide, brass, bronze, pewter, steel, and stainless steel

Base metal

a pure metallic element used as the principal alloying agent in different metals; magnesium, copper, beryllium, zinc, lead, tantalum, columbium, tin, aluminum, nickel, gold, tungsten, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, and silver

Tin

a soft, shiny, silvery metal

German Silver

a substitute for silver in jewelry making

Pewter

aka Britannia metal

Brass

alloy of copper and zinc, bright yellow. Commercial brass contains about 90% copper and 10% zinc, almost identical to those of copper

Tantalum

alloys are utilized for rocket nozzles and heat exchangers in nuclear reactors, metal filament in light bulbs

Bronze

an alloy of copper and tin

Steel

an alloy of iron and other metallic elements

Wrought Iron

an iron alloy with most of the carbon removed form its composition. Tough and bends easily. Used to make ornamental iron work

Titanium

as strong as steel, but only half as heavy

Mercury's Characteristics

fluid at room temperature

Tungsten Carbide

hardest human-made metal; it is almost as hard as a diamond. Shaped using a process called sintering

Hot-rolled steel

has a black oxide coating

Silver's Characteristics

important role in technology

Non-ferrous metal

metal that does not contain iron; aluminum, magnesium, copper, beryllium, brass, bronze, zinc, tin, pewter, silver, gold, columbium, tantalum, lead, manganese, chromium, tungsten, tungsten carbide, nickel, and molybdenum

Copper

oldest metal known

Zinc

protective coating on galvanized steel and iron sheet

Manganese

purifies steel and adds strength and toughness

Lithium Characteristics

really soft

High-speed steel

tools made of this metal can make deeper cuts at higher machine speeds than regular tool steels

Carbon Steel

use carbon as their major alloying element. Low, Medium, and High carbon steels. Bows, rods, clamps, hammer heads, manufacture of hand tools and parts for heavy machinery

Platinum

used in jewelry and automobile catalytic converters

Aluminum's' Characteristics

used in the manufacture of many products

Magnesium

very light(lightest of structural metals), high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent machinability and the ability to be worked by all common metalworking techniques

Gallium's Characteristics

will melt from body heat