Chapters 1-4
Where are sutures found in the body?
Between cranial bones
What is a Saddle Joint?
Bidirectional joint allowing movement in several planes along with some degree of rotation.
What is a Condyloid Joint?
Bidirectional joint with motion occurring in multiple planes of motion.
What is Wolff's Law?
Bone in a healthy individual will adapt to the loads it is placed under
How are bones separated in a Symphysis joint?
By a fibrocartilage pad
What movements occur in the Sagittal Plane?
Flexion & Extension
What is the role of osteoblasts?
Form new bone
What type of joint is a gomphosis?
Found in sockets in the teeth
Common Bone Pathologies
Fracture, Osteoporosis, Osteomyelitis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease, Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
What field of science studies joint movements using a goniometer?
Goniometry
What is the function of the skeletal system related to blood formation?
Hemopoiesis
What separates bones in a Synchondrosis joint?
Hyaline cartilage
What are synarthrodial joints?
Immovable joints
What happens to a bone when the load on it decreases?
It will become weaker
Alignment Variation Terminology
Kyphosis, Lordosis, Recurvatum, Retroversion, Anteroversion, Scoliosis, Valgus, Varus
What term describes away from the midline of the body?
Lateral
Synovial Fluid
Lubricates joint, reduces friction,provides shock absorption
What term describes towards the midline of the body?
Medial
What is arthrokinematics?
Motion between articular surfaces
ABduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Diagonal ABduction
Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from midline of body
What is the function of the skeletal system related to movement?
Movement by serving as points of attachment for muscles and acting as levers
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
What is a Plane Joint?
Occurs between relatively flat joint surfaces that glide over one another. Allows linear motion.
What term describes the palm of the hand?
Palmar
What term describes the sole of the foot?
Plantar
What term describes the back side of the body?
Posterior
What term describes being face down?
Prone
What is the function of the skeletal system related to protection?
Protection of vital soft tissue such as the heart, lungs, & brain
What term describes closer to the point of attachment?
Proximal
What is the term for the ability to move a joint freely and painlessly?
Range of Motion (ROM)
What is the role of osteoclasts?
Resorb old bone
External Rotation
Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body.
Internal Rotation
Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body.
What movements occur in the Transverse Plane?
Rotational Movements
What are the three cardinal planes of motion?
Sagittal Plane, Frontal Plane, Transverse Plane
What is an Amphiarthrodial joint?
Slightly movable joint
What is the function of the skeletal system related to storage?
Storage for minerals such as Calcium & Phosphorus
Extension
Straightening of a joint
What holds together a Syndesmosis joint?
Strong ligamentous structure
Kinesiology
Study of the principles of anatomy, physiology, and mechanics relating to human movement
What term describes towards the surface of the body?
Superficial
What term describes being face up?
Supine
What is the function of the skeletal system related to support?
Support to maintain posture
What are diarthrodial joints also known as?
Synovial joints
What is the function of a joint capsule?
To provide a sleevelike covering of ligamentous tissues surrounding the bony ends forming the joint
What is the role of ligaments in joints?
To provide additional support against abnormal movement or joint opening
Anatomical Position
To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
What is a Ball and Socket Joint?
Triaxial joint allowing motion in all 3 planes.
What is a Hinge Joint?
Uniaxial joint with motion occurring in one plane around one axis.
What is a Pivot Joint?
Uniaxial motion occurring in the transverse plane.
What are the components of the appendicular skeleton?
Upper extremities, Lower extremities, Shoulder girdle, Pelvic girdle
How is the range of motion measured?
Using a goniometer
What term describes the front of the body?
Ventral
What term describes the front of the hand?
Volar
Circumduction
circular movement of a limb at the far end
Types of Bones
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
Diagonal Adduction
movement by a limb through a diagonal plane toward and across the midline of the body
What term describes the back of the body?
Dorsal
What term describes the top side of the foot?
Dorsal
How many bones are in the human appendicular skeleton?
126
Basic Knowledge
600 muscles 206 bones
How many bones are in the human axial skeleton?
80 (including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum)
What is roll in arthrokinematics?
A new point on each surface comes into contact throughout the motion
What is spin in arthrokinematics?
A single point on one articular surface rotates about a single point
What is glide in arthrokinematics?
A specific point on one articulating surface comes in contact with a series of points on another surface
What lines the ligamentous capsule in a joint cavity?
A thin vascular synovial capsule
What movements occur in the Frontal Plane?
Abduction & Adduction
What are the types of joint classifications based on movement?
Amphiarthrodial, Syndesmosis, Symphysis, Synchondrosis
What term describes the front side of the body?
Anterior
Articular specifics
Cartilage: Hyaline/ articular, Fibrocartilage. Tendon, Bursa
What term describes towards the feet?
Caudal
What term describes towards the head?
Cranial
Flexion
Decreases the angle of a joint
What term describes away from the surface of the body?
Deep
Bony Features
Diaphysis, Periosteum, Medullary Canal, Endosteum, Epiphysis: Pressure, Traction. Epiphyseal Plate
What term describes further from the point of attachment?
Distal
Types of Bone Fractures
transverse, linear, oblique nondisplaced, oblique displaced, spiral, greenstick, comminuted